浅谈现代日语中的外来语

A Brief Discussion on Loanwords in Modern Japanese

摘要: 外来语在当代日语中占据了重要位置，其来源多样，经历了长期的传入与本地化过程，并在与和语及汉语词汇的使用方式上呈现出显著差异。近年来，随着外来语数量的激增及其语用领域的扩张，日语中出现了外来语使用过度的现象，引发了诸如信息沟通障碍、语言不平等、学习者负担加重等一系列社会语言问题。本文从语言接触与社会文化变迁的视角出发，系统梳理了外来语的发展脉络、语言特征及与其他词源词汇之间的功能差异，重点分析了外来语滥用的社会心理动因及其所带来的实际影响，并结合语言政策与教育传播实践，提出了具有可操作性的外来语规范使用对策，期望为相关研究与实践提供参考。

Abstract: Loanwords occupy a significant position in contemporary Japanese. With diverse origins, they have undergone a long process of introduction and localization, exhibiting notable differences from native Japanese and Sino-Japanese vocabulary in terms of usage and sociolinguistic functions. In recent years, the number and scope of loanwords have expanded rapidly, leading to their excessive usage and resulting in a range of sociolinguistic issues, such as communication barriers, linguistic inequality, and increased cognitive load for learners. This paper adopts a perspective rooted in language contact and sociocultural transformation, and systematically traces the development of loanwords, examines their linguistic features, and explores their functional distinctions from native-origin vocabulary. It highlights the sociopsychological motivations behind the excessive use of loanwords and analyzes the practical consequences of this trend. Drawing on language policy and educational communication practices, the paper proposes actionable strategies for the regulated use of loanwords, with the aim of contributing to future research and practical implementation.