基于蚁群优化的VANETs QoS保障路由

VANETs QoS-Guaranteed Routing Based on Ant Colony Optimization

摘要: 车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, VANETs)环境中，节点高速移动、网络拓扑频繁变化以及链路质量不稳定等特性，使得多维服务质量(Quality of Service, QoS)保障面临严峻挑战。针对现有方法难以协同考虑时延、丢包率与带宽利用率等多重指标的不足，本研究提出一种分层SDN与SRv6协同驱动的蚁群优化路由框架。该框架通过路侧单元(Roadside Unit, RSU)与中心控制器的协同决策，实现了局部快速响应与全局流量调度的有机融合。并提出了蚁群驱动SRv6路由算法(Ant Colony-based Segment Routing over SRv6, ACSR)算法，在传统信息素模型中引入欧氏距离启发式，并以多维QoS综合代价函数引导路径搜索，加速收敛至高质量解。还提出了基于关键节点保留的路径压缩算法，有效降低了段路由扩展头的开销。实验结果表明，所提出的ACSR算法在网络吞吐量、时延、丢包率等指标上表现出色，具有广阔的实际应用前景。

Abstract: In the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) environment, the characteristics of high-speed node mobility, frequent changes in network topology, and unstable link quality make multi-dimensional Quality of Service (QoS) assurance face severe challenges. In view of the shortcomings of existing methods that it is difficult to collaboratively consider multiple indicators such as latency, packet loss rate, and bandwidth utilization, this study proposes an ant colony optimization routing framework driven by hierarchical SDN and SRv6. This framework realizes the organic integration of local rapid response and global traffic scheduling through the collaborative decision-making of roadside units (RSU) and central controllers. The Ant Colony-based Segment Routing over SRv6 (ACSR) algorithm is proposed, which introduces the Euclidean distance heuristic in the traditional pheromone model, guides the path search with a multi-dimensional QoS comprehensive cost function, and accelerates the convergence to a high-quality solution. A path compression algorithm based on key node retention is also proposed, which effectively reduces the overhead of the segment routing extension header. Experimental results show that the proposed ACSR algorithm performs well in terms of network throughput, delay, packet loss rate and other indicators, and has broad practical application prospects.