绝经综合征的中西医治疗进展

Advances in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatments for Menopausal Syndrome

摘要: 绝经综合征(menopausal syndrome, MPS)是女性绝经前后因卵巢功能衰退、性激素水平波动引发的症候群，多见于45~55岁女性，表现为躯体及精神心理症状。病因涉及下丘脑–垂体–卵巢轴功能衰退、神经内分泌失衡及遗传、社会环境等多因素综合作用。西医以激素替代疗法(Hormone Replacement Therapy, HRT)为核心，虽能快速缓解潮热、骨质疏松等症状，但存在长期应用风险。中医基于“肾虚为本”理论，通过辨证分型(如肾阴虚、肾阳虚、肝郁等)采用中药(如六味地黄丸、二仙汤)、针灸(关元、三阴交等穴位)等个体化治疗，调节阴阳平衡。非药物疗法如心理疏导、规律运动等植物雌激素补充也被广泛采用。未来研究聚焦于中西医结合优化、非药物疗法整合及精准医学指导的个体化方案，旨在提升围绝经期女性健康水平。

Abstract: Menopausal Syndrome (MPS) is a cluster of symptoms occurring in women around menopause due to ovarian function decline and fluctuations in sex hormone levels, predominantly affecting women aged 45~55. It manifests as physical and psychological symptoms. The etiology involves multiple factors, including the decline of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, neuroendocrine imbalance, as well as genetic and socio-environmental influences. Western medicine primarily employs Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) as the core treatment, which can rapidly alleviate symptoms such as hot flashes and osteoporosis but carries risks with long-term use. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), based on the theory of “kidney deficiency as the root cause,” adopts personalized treatments through syndrome differentiation (e.g., kidney yin deficiency, kidney yang deficiency, liver qi stagnation) using herbal medicine (e.g., Liuwei Dihuang Wan, Erxian Tang) and acupuncture (e.g., Guanyuan (CV4), Sanyinjiao (SP6)) to regulate yin-yang balance. Non-pharmacological therapies such as psychological counseling, regular exercise, and phytoestrogen supplementation are also widely utilized. Future research focuses on optimizing integrated Chinese and Western medicine approaches, incorporating non-drug therapies, and developing personalized regimens guided by precision medicine to enhance the health of perimenopausal women.