国内铋矿床分布规律、矿床特征和找矿方向

Distribution, Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Bismuth Deposit in China

摘要: 长久以来，中国铋金属的生产在世界上占据主导地位。随着铋金属应用领域的扩展和铋需求量的增加，为维持铋生产、稳固铋资源优势，需要持续开展针对铋矿床的找矿工作。本文通过整理与总结前人研究成果和基础地质资料，对国内铋矿床的时空分布、矿床类型、成矿地质特征等进行分析，并讨论铋矿床找矿方向。本文取得了以下认识：(1) 多数铋矿床分布于湖南、江西、广东三省；(2) 铋矿床的形成时期主要在印支期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期，以燕山早期的铋矿床数量最多；(3) 铋矿床的成矿类型主要有石英脉型、矽卡岩型、破碎蚀变带型、蚀变花岗岩型和斑岩型五种。其中矽卡岩型铋资源量具优势，石英脉型矿床数量相对较多；(4) 下一步针对铋矿产的勘查工作可以着重于老矿区深边部和外围以及新发现、新圈定资源潜力区。

Abstract: For a long time, global bismuth production had been dominated by China. With the expansion of the application fields of bismuth and the increased demand, continuous exploration is required to maintain bismuth production and strengthen the bismuth resources advantage of China. By systematically summarizing the previous research results and basic geological data, this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution, deposit types, and mineralization geological characteristics of bismuth deposits in China, and discusses the prospecting directions for bismuth deposits. This article has obtained the following understandings: (1) Most bismuth deposits are distribution in the Hunan province, Jiangxi province, and Guangdong province; (2) The formatted periods of bismuth deposits are mainly during the Indosinian period, Yanshan period, and Himalayan period, with the highest number of bismuth deposits occurred in the early Yanshan period. (3) The mineralization types of bismuth deposits primarily include five categories: quartz vein type, skarn type, fracture zone type, altered granite type, and porphyry type. Among them, skarn-type bismuth reserves have an advantage, while the quartz vein type deposits are relatively more numerous; (4) The next steps for the exploration of bismuth deposits can focus on the deep peripheries and outer areas of old mining districts, as well as newly discovered areas.