珍珠粉和贝壳粉的鉴别研究

Research on Identification of Pearl Powder and Shell Powder

摘要: 本研究以珍珠粉与贝壳粉为研究对象，采用现代测试仪器分析其结构和成分特征差异，从微观层面探讨二者的鉴别方法。结果显示，珍珠粉的傅里叶变换红外光谱在约2500 cm⁻¹处呈现3个吸收峰，而贝壳粉仅呈现2个；二者在扫描电子显微镜下的形貌特征差异体现为柱状结构与不规则结构的分布密度及堆积形态不同；贝壳粉的激光拉曼光谱在约285 cm⁻¹处显示特征峰，可作为区别于珍珠粉的依据；X射线衍射测试显示，贝壳粉的方解石相2θ值在约23.2˚、29.6˚、39.6˚、43.2˚、47.7˚等位置的典型强衍射峰具有鉴定意义；X射线荧光能谱测试结果表明，珍珠粉的微量元素含量高于贝壳粉。

Abstract: This study focuses on pearl powder and shell powder as research subjects, employing modern analytical instruments to investigate the differences in their structural and compositional characteristics, thereby exploring identification methods at the microscopic level. The results indicate that: The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of pearl powder exhibits three absorption peaks at approximately 2500 cm⁻¹, whereas shell powder exhibits only two. The morphological differences observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are primarily manifested in the distribution density and stacking patterns of columnar structures versus flaky irregular structures. The laser Raman spectrum of shell powder displays a characteristic peak at approximately 285 cm⁻¹, which serves as a basis for distinguishing it from pearl powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the calcite phase in shell powder exhibits characteristic strong diffraction peaks at 2θ values of approximately 23.2˚, 29.6˚, 39.6˚, 43.2˚, and 47.7˚, which can be used for identification. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy results demonstrate that the trace element content in pearl powder is generally higher than that in shell powder.