技术环境视域下网络文学生产结构的重建

The Reconstruction of the Production Structure of Online Literature from the Perspective of Technological Environment

摘要: 依托于互联网技术而兴起的网络文学，其生产的整个过程都与技术紧密相连。聚焦于技术视角，将网络文学生产结构置于当前技术环境视域中展开探讨，可发掘其生产结构经历了从震惊、解构再到重建的复杂演变过程。互联网技术对网络文学生产力与作家产生了“惊颤”效果，它不仅显著提升了文学生产力，还使作家从对新兴技术的兴奋情绪转为对文学市场化的焦虑。在“震惊”的同时，技术也在解构网络文学的生产结构：它一方面对作者与读者的生产关系进行重构，促使“读者成为作者”，推动生产者与消费者的融合，另一方面又以数据性批评取代专业批评的主导地位，断裂了文学生产结构的中间链条。最后，网络文学生产结构在技术的推动下得以重建，在形成“作者 + 网站 + 读者”三位一体的多元生产主体的同时，也在通过网站商业化运作与小说IP改编的双重路径拓展其市场边界，并进一步延伸自身的生产结构链条。

Abstract: The whole production process of online literature, which rises on the basis of Internet technology, is closely linked with technology. Focusing on the technical perspective, this paper discusses the production structure of online literature from the perspective of the current technical environment, and finds that its production structure has experienced a complex evolution from shock, deconstruction to reconstruction. Internet technology has had a “shocking” effect on online literary productivity and writers. It not only liberated literary productivity in an unprecedented way, but also turned writers’ excitement about emerging technologies into anxiety about literary marketization. At the same time of “shock”, technology is also deconstructing the production structure of online literature: on the one hand, it reconstructs the production relationship between authors and readers, promotes “readers to become authors” and promotes the integration of producers and consumers, on the other hand, it replaces the dominant position of professional criticism with data criticism, breaking the middle chain of literary production structure. Finally, the production structure of online literature has been rebuilt under the impetus of technology, forming a pluralistic production subject of “author + website + reader”. At the same time, it is also expanding its market boundary through the dual path of website commercialization operation and novel IP adaptation, and further extending its own production structure chain.