铅基堆运行控制策略分析研究

Preliminary Study on Operation Control Strategy of Lead Based Reactor

摘要: 铅基堆是第四代核能系统国际论坛承认的先进核能系统之一，具有系统简单、安全性能卓越、工艺基础成熟且经过实践检验等多种优点，成为近年来国内外中小型核电机组研发的热点方向之一。为探索采用蒸汽朗肯循环技术的铅基堆核电站核蒸汽供应系统功率运行控制规律和控制特性，本文提出了冷却剂平均温度恒定运行控制策略、蒸汽压力恒定运行控制策略两种方案，结合铅基堆特点对两种控制策略的优缺点进行了针对性的分析。最后以俄罗斯SVBR-100铅基堆为研究对象，建立系统热工水力瞬态及控制系统计算分析模型，研究了两种运行控制策略的控制特性。结果表明：冷却剂平均温度恒定运行控制策略蒸汽压力变化幅度过大，不利于二回路控制系统的稳定性，同时还会造成二回路系统设计参数的大幅提升；蒸汽压力恒定运行控制策略能够更好地满足一回路和二回路系统参数的最佳化匹配和安全要求，可实现10%~100%FP (满功率)范围内有效的控制。对于采用饱和蒸汽朗肯热力循环的铅基快堆，其最佳的功率运行控制策略为蒸汽压力恒定控制策略。

Abstract: Lead-based reactor is one of the advanced nuclear energy systems which was recognized by the Fourth Generation Nuclear Energy System International Forum. It has many advantages, such as a simple system, excellent safety performance, a mature process foundation, and practical testing. It has become one of the hot research directions of small and medium-sized nuclear power units at home and abroad in recent years. In order to explore the power operation control law and control characteristics of the nuclear steam supply system of the lead-based reactor nuclear power plant using steam Rankine cycle technology, the paper proposes two control strategies, which are the coolant average temperature constant control strategy and the steam pressure constant control strategy. Combining the characteristics of the lead-based reactor, the advantages and disadvantages of the two control strategies are analyzed. Finally, based on the Russian SVBR-100 lead-based reactor, the calculation and analysis model of the system thermal hydraulic transient and control system is established. The two operation control strategies are theoretically analyzed, and their control characteristics are studied. The results show that the coolant average temperature constant control strategy will result in a large range of changes in the secondary steam pressure parameters. The steam pressure constant control strategy can better meet the optimal matching and safety requirements of the primary and secondary system parameters, and can effectively achieve control within 10%~100%FP (full power). The optimal power operation control strategy is the pressure constant control strategy for the lead-based fast reactor using the steam Rankine cycle technology.