众包竞赛设计对解决者参与行为的影响研究——基于NCA和fsQCA的实证分析

Research on the Influence of Crowdsourcing Competition Design on the Participation Behavior of Solvers—An Empirical Analysis Based on NCA and fsQCA

摘要: 众包竞赛是企业整合外部智力资源的重要工具，众包竞赛的设计要素对解决者参与行为具有重要的影响。以一品威客平台上45个开发类任务为样本，采用必要条件分析(NCA)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法，从组态视角探究众包竞赛设计要素对解决者参与行为的影响。研究表明：任务设计单一要素均不是构成高参与数量和高提交数量的必要条件，而是通过形成特定组合配置协同影响解决者行为；高参与数量侧重于任务吸引力构建，高提交数量则强调任务执行保障，两者虽有重叠但侧重点存在明显差异。据此，发包方需根据自身发展阶段采取差异化策略：缺乏经验者宜强化经济激励与沟通机制，而成熟主体则应优化任务描述与时间管理，通过动态调整要素配置实现众包效能的系统性提升。

Abstract: Crowdsourcing competition is an important tool for enterprises to integrate external intellectual resources, and the design elements of crowdsourcing competition have an important impact on the participation behavior of solvers. Taking 45 development tasks on the EPWK platform as samples, the Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) methods were used to explore the influence of crowdsourcing competition design elements on the participation behavior of solvers from the perspective of configuration. The results show that a single element of task design is not a necessary condition for a high number of participants and a high number of submissions, but a synergistic influence on the behavior of the solver through the formation of a specific combination configuration. The high number of participants focuses on the construction of task attractiveness, while the high number of submissions emphasizes the task execution guarantee, although the two overlap but have obvious differences in emphasis. Accordingly, the employer needs to adopt a differentiated strategy according to its own development stage: the inexperienced should strengthen the economic incentive and communication mechanism, while the mature entity should optimize the task description and time management, and realize the systematic improvement of crowdsourcing efficiency by dynamically adjusting the allocation of factors.