面向“事情本身”的真理——论伽达默尔诠释学对主体性原则的批判性构建

The Truth towards “The Thing Itself”—Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Critical Construction of the Subject in Hermeneutics

摘要: 伽达默尔诠释学理论经常被当作超越认识论主–客关系的证明，一旦解释者的前见瞄准事情本身，事情本身就超越了解释者和解释物的对立成为实体化的真正主体。事情本身作为“无时间性”而又“历史性”，“无时间性”消解了解释物和解释者真理内容的时间距离，带来二者之间的同一性；而事情本身的历史性推动着解释者和解释物之间的“视域融合”过程。视域融合从来不是解释者当代视域和解释物历史视域两个视域的简单叠加，只存在事情本身唯一视域的自我融合过程，事情本身的历史性规定并吸引着我们与解释物的参与。事情本身才是诠释学的真正主体。

Abstract: Gadamer’s Hermeneutic theory is often regarded as an evidence of the critics to subject-object dichotomy mode. Once the interpreter’s fore-understanding directing toward the “Thing Itself”, the “Thing Itself” surpasses the opposition between interpreter and interpreted object. “The Thing Itself” is the true, materialized subject. As the “Timelessness” embodiment of “Historicity”, “the Thing Itself” dissolves the Temporal Distance between the interpreter and the interpreted, bringing their unity, propelling the process of “Fusion of Horizons”. This fusion is not a mere superimposition of the interpreter’s contemporary horizon and the interpreted object’s historical horizon. Rather, it is a self-fusion within the singular horizon of the “Thing Itself”. The historicity of the “Thing Itself” determines and draws both interpreter and interpreted object into participation. The “Thing Itself” stands as the true subject of Hermeneutics.