哲人与城邦的永恒对话：柏拉图《苏格拉底的申辩》中的思想张力研究

The Eternal Dialogue between Philosophers and City States: A Study of the Ideological Tension in Plato’s “Apology of Socrates”

摘要: 本文以柏拉图《苏格拉底的申辩》为研究对象，通过文本细读与概念分析，探讨苏格拉底哲学实践与雅典城邦规范之间的多重张力。研究揭示“无知之知”对传统知识体系的解构、个体省察与公共道德的冲突，以及哲学批判与建制性权威的永恒矛盾。论文进一步分析这些张力对现代思想自由与哲学教育的启示，指出苏格拉底的精神遗产在当代社会仍具有重要价值。

Abstract: This study takes Plato’s “Apology of Socrates” as its research object, employing textual analysis and conceptual examination to explore the multiple tensions between Socratic philosophical practice and the normative framework of the Athenian polis. The research reveals how “knowledge of ignorance” deconstructs traditional epistemological systems, examines the conflict between individual examination and public morality, and investigates the perpetual contradiction between philosophical critique and institutional authority. The paper further analyzes the implications of these tensions for contemporary intellectual freedom and philosophical education, demonstrating the enduring significance of Socratic legacy in modern society.