视觉的表征：鸟居龙藏摄影中的近代贵州民族形象建构研究

Visual Representation: A Study on the Construction of Modern Ethnic Images in Guizhou through Torii Ryuzo’s Photography

摘要: 人类学摄影作品是视觉人类学研究的核心路径，其经由深度田野调查所摄制的民族志影像为后世研究提供了关键的实证材料。鸟居龙藏的田野实践，即以视觉形式系统保存了诸多民族文化的具象形态，其中尤以聚焦贵州民族形象的调查为著，代表作以《苗族调查报告》和《西南中国行纪》为主。本研究旨在基于视觉人类学镜像分析，探析贵州民族形象在特定历史语境下的传播机制。通过深入考察鸟居龙藏田野实践的社会历史背景，并对其视觉作品展开细致解读，本文致力于阐释这些影像所表征的早期贵州民族形象，进而剖析此类影像作为一种视觉文化产品在文化传播过程中所承载的视觉人类学实践意义。

Abstract: Anthropological photography serves as a core methodology in visual anthropology studies. Ethnographic images produced through in-depth fieldwork provide crucial empirical materials for subsequent research. Torii Ryuzo’s fieldwork practices systematically preserved concrete forms of diverse ethnic cultures in visual formats, with his investigations focusing on ethnic images in Guizhou being particularly notable. Representative works include Report on the Miao People and Travels in Southwestern China. Based on mirror-like analysis in visual anthropology, this study aims to explore the dissemination mechanisms of Guizhou’s ethnic images within specific historical contexts. By examining the socio-historical background of Torii Ryuzo’s fieldwork and conducting detailed interpretations of his visual works, this paper endeavors to elucidate the early representations of Guizhou’s ethnic images captured in these photographs. Furthermore, it analyzes the significance of such imagery as visual cultural products in the practice of visual anthropology throughout cultural transmission processes.