众包竞赛中发包方参与意愿的影响因素研究——以软件开发众包为例

Research on the Influencing Factors of the Project Owner’s Willingness to Participate in Crowdsourcing Competitions—Taking Software Development Crowdsourcing as an Example

摘要: 在数字经济与软件产业深度融合的背景下，众包模式已成为软件开发发包方应对技术快速迭代与需求碎片化的重要战略选择。然而，现有研究对发包方参与众包决策的多维动机及作用机制尚缺乏系统性理论阐释。本研究基于扎根理论方法，对一品威客网站52篇“雇主访谈”文本进行三阶编码，构建了软件开发领域发包方众包决策的整合动机模型。研究发现：发包方决策行为受成本控制、需求匹配、创新能力、风险规避和质量管控等五大核心动因驱动；进一步构建的“驱动–赋能–保障”三维理论模型，系统揭示了软件开发发包决策的动机生成与作用机制。研究为企业优化众包策略、提升数字时代资源配置效率提供了理论支撑与决策参考。

Abstract: In the context of the deep integration of the digital economy and the software industry, the crowdsourcing model has become an important strategic choice for software development contractors to cope with rapid technological iteration and fragmented demands. However, existing research lacks a systematic theoretical explanation of the multi-dimensional motivations and mechanisms of contractors’ participation in crowdsourcing decisions. Based on the grounded theory method, this study conducted three-stage coding on 52 “employer interview” texts from the Yipinweike website and constructed an integrated motivation model for contractors’ crowdsourcing decisions in the software development field. The research found that contractors’ decision-making behaviors are driven by five core factors: cost control, demand matching, innovation ability, risk aversion, and quality control. The further constructed “driver-empowerment-guarantee” three-dimensional theoretical model systematically reveals the generation and mechanism of contractors’ motivations in software development decisions. The research provides theoretical support and decision-making references for enterprises to optimize crowdsourcing strategies and improve the efficiency of resource allocation in the digital age.