2019~2024年郑州市管城回族区手足口病流行病学特征及趋势分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Guancheng Hui Autonomous District, Zhengzhou City from 2019 to 2024

摘要: 目的：分析2019~2024年郑州市管城回族区手足口病的流行特征及发病趋势，为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法：采用描述性研究对国家传染病监测信息报告管理系统中2019~2024年郑州市管城回族区的手足口病病历资料进行分析；采用JRP5.3.0软件对手足口病发病趋势进行分析。结果：2019~2024年郑州市管城回族区共报告手足口病病例5965例，年均发病率为132.0038/10万，发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ² = 1541.670, P < 0.001)；2019~2024年年度变化百分比(APC) = −15.57%。发病时间呈双峰分布，主高峰为6~7月(占34.47%)，次高峰为9~11月(占18.19%)。航海东路街道、十八里河街道和紫荆山南路街道的病例数均高于其他街道办事处；5岁以下高发(占85.74%)，1~4岁是主要发病人群，且4~岁年龄组和5~岁年龄组发病率呈现先下降后上升的趋势；以散居儿童(3541例，占59.36%)为主；男性发病率高于女性(χ² = 160.195, P < 0.001)。结论：2019~2024年郑州市管城回族区手足口病的发生存在明显的年龄、性别、职业和季节差异，需加强5岁以下儿童及托幼机构的健康教育。

Abstract: Objective: The study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of hand-foot-mouth disease in Guancheng Hui Autonomous District of Zhengzhou City from 2019 to 2024, aiming to provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the hand-foot-mouth disease case records in Guancheng Hui Autonomous District of Zhengzhou City from 2019 to 2024 in the national infectious disease surveillance information reporting management system; JRP5.3.0 software was used to analyze the incidence trend of hand-foot-mouth disease. Results: From 2019 to 2024, a total of 5965 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Guancheng Hui Autonomous District of Zhengzhou City, with an average annual incidence rate of 132.0038/100,000. The incidence rate showed a downward trend overall (χ² = 1541.670, P < 0.001); the annual change percentage (APC) from 2019 to 2024 was −15.57%. The incidence time showed a bimodal distribution, with the main peak in June~July (accounting for 34.47%) and the secondary peak in September~November (accounting for 18.19%). The case numbers in Hanghai East Road Sub-District, Shisanhe Sub-District and Zijingshan South Road Sub-District were higher than those in other sub-districts; the incidence was higher in children under 5 years old (accounting for 85.74%), with the main affected age group being 1~4 years old, and the incidence rates in the 4- to 5-year-old and 5- to 6-year-old age groups showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing; the majority of cases were scattered children (3541 cases, accounting for 59.36%); the incidence rate of males was higher than that of females (χ² = 160.195, P < 0.001). Conclusion: From 2019 to 2024, there were significant age, gender, occupation and seasonal differences in the occurrence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Guancheng Hui Autonomous District of Zhengzhou City. It is necessary to strengthen health education for children under 5 years old and kindergartens.