金融数据法律规制的现状反思与完善路径

Reflections on the Current Situation and Improvement Paths of Legal Regulation of Financial Data

摘要: 金融数据由于其经济属性与社会属性的双重特性，导致权属界定与治理难度增大，在安全和利用价值之间需要寻求动态平衡。现阶段，我国金融数据法律规制体系存在数据质量管理不足、金融用户与机构之间的风险承担失衡、中小型金融机构数据治理能力薄弱、监管体系分散与协调不足等问题限制了金融数据作为生产要素的潜能释放。通过强化数据质量管理与数据标准化建设，提升金融数据的准确性、一致性和可用性，为数据要素市场化流通提供基础支持；完善法律规制体系，明确金融数据权属与流通规则，建立科学合理的分级保护与责任分配机制，推动金融数据治理的法治化进程；构建多层次、多维度的数据监管体系，加强科技与传统监管的融合，探索人工智能、大数据和区块链等新兴技术在监管中的应用，实现对金融数据的动态化管理和实时风险监控；通过政策引导与资源倾斜，帮助中小型金融机构弥补数据治理能力短板，降低合规成本，提升数据治理水平。

Abstract: Due to the dual characteristics of economic and social attributes of financial data, defining ownership and governance becomes more challenging, necessitating the pursuit of a dynamic balance between security and utilization value. At present, China’s legal regulatory framework for financial data faces issues such as inadequate data quality management, an imbalance in risk-sharing between financial users and institutions, weak data governance capabilities in small and medium-sized financial institutions, and a fragmented and poorly coordinated regulatory system, all of which constrain the full potential of financial data as a factor of production. By strengthening data quality management and standardization efforts, we can enhance the accuracy, consistency, and usability of financial data, providing foundational support for the market-oriented circulation of data elements. Improving the legal regulatory framework, clarifying ownership and circulation rules for financial data, and establishing a scientifically sound and reasonable graded protection and responsibility allocation mechanism will advance the legal governance of financial data. Constructing a multi-tiered and multidimensional data regulatory system, enhancing the integration of technology with traditional supervision, and exploring the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain in regulatory practices will enable dynamic management and real-time risk monitoring of financial data. Through policy guidance and resource allocation, we can assist small and medium-sized financial institutions in addressing their shortcomings in data governance capabilities, reducing compliance costs, and elevating their data governance standards.