哈尔滨烟区烤烟种植品种布局分析及其发展对策

Analysis of the Layout of Flue-Cured Tobacco Planting Varieties in Harbin’s Tobacco-Growing Areas and Its Development Countermeasures

摘要: 本研究聚焦2021~2025年哈尔滨烟区烤烟品种布局动态，结合品种演化轨迹、质量评价及产业适配性分析，揭示烤烟品种结构调整的内在逻辑与现存问题。研究发现，烟区品种布局呈现“核心品种迭代演进、特色品种分化衰减、小众品种边缘存续”的特征：龙江911因生态适应性下降和工业需求升级主导地位弱化，龙江981凭借综合优势快速崛起；龙烟101因生育期劣势和效益偏低规模萎缩，0110-142依托细分市场需求稳定存续；吉烟9号等小众品种以试种形式补充储备。外观与感官质量评价显示，龙江911、龙烟101、0110-142在化学成分协调性和风格特色上表现突出，而龙江981存在外观质量与香气量不足问题。当前品种布局面临工业适配性脱节、技术落地偏差、创新动力不足等挑战。研究提出构建工商研协同创新体系、建立差异化政策支撑、强化关键技术执行效能的对策，为优化烟区品种结构、提升产业竞争力提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: This study focuses on the dynamic layout of flue-cured tobacco varieties in Harbin tobacco-growing area from 2021 to 2025, revealing the internal logic and existing problems of variety structure adjustment through analysis of variety evolution, quality evaluation, and industrial adaptability. The study finds that the variety layout shows characteristics of “core variety iteration, characteristic variety differentiation and decline, and marginal existence of niche varieties”: Longjiang 911’s dominant position weakens due to reduced ecological adaptability and upgraded industrial demands, while Longjiang 981 rises rapidly with comprehensive advantages; Longyan 101 shrinks in scale due to long growth period and low efficiency, while 0110-142 maintains stability relying on segmented market demands; niche varieties such as Jiyan 9 exist marginally through trial planting. Appearance and sensory quality evaluations show that Longjiang 911, Longyan 101, and 0110-142 excel in chemical composition coordination and style characteristics, while Longjiang 981 has deficiencies in appearance quality and aroma volume. Current challenges include industrial adaptability disconnection, technical implementation deviations, and insufficient innovation momentum. The study proposes countermeasures such as building industry-university-research collaborative innovation systems, establishing differentiated policy support, and enhancing key technology implementation efficiency, providing theoretical and practical references for optimizing variety structure and improving industrial competitiveness in the tobacco-growing area.