暖宫贴在妇科术后患者中的应用疗效研究：对疼痛缓解与康复进程的随机对照试验分析

Study on the Curative Effect of Warming Palace Paste in Gynecological Postoperative Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Analysis of Pain Relief and Rehabilitation Process

摘要: 目的：探讨暖宫贴应用于妇科术后患者对其疼痛程度及康复进程的影响。方法：采用随机对照试验设计，选取2023年1月~2024年1月本院收治的120例妇科手术患者，随机分为干预组(n = 60，常规护理 + 暖宫贴应用)与对照组(n = 60，仅常规护理)。干预组术后6小时开始于下腹部贴敷暖宫贴(持续发热8~12小时)，每日一次，连续应用5天。评估两组术后24 h、48 h、72 h的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、首次下床活动时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间、住院天数及镇痛药物追加使用率。结果：疼痛缓解：干预组术后24 h、48 h、72 h VAS评分显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。康复进程：干预组首次下床活动时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间均显著早于对照组(P < 0.05)，平均住院天数显著缩短(P < 0.05)。镇痛需求：干预组术后24 h内额外追加镇痛药物的比例显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：暖宫贴作为辅助护理措施应用于妇科术后患者，能有效缓解术后疼痛，促进胃肠功能恢复，缩短下床活动时间及住院天数，减少镇痛药物需求，是一种安全、简便、有效的非药物干预手段，值得临床推广。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of Nuangong Plaster on the pain degree and rehabilitation process of patients after gynecological surgery. Methods: Using randomized controlled trial design, 120 cases of gynecological surgery patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were randomly divided into intervention group (n = 60, routine nursing + warming palace paste application) and control group (n = 60, routine nursing only). In the intervention group, warm palace plaster was applied to the lower abdomen 6 hours after operation (continuous fever for 8~12 hours), once a day for 5 days. The visual analogue pain score (VAS), the time of getting out of bed for the first time, the recovery time of bowel sounds, the time of first anal exhaust, the days of hospitalization and the additional use rate of analgesic drugs were evaluated in the two groups at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after operation. Results: Pain relief: The VAS scores of the intervention group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Rehabilitation process: The time of getting out of bed for the first time, the recovery time of bowel sounds and the first time of anal exhaust in the intervention group were significantly earlier than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the average hospitalization days were significantly shortened (P < 0.05). Analgesic Demand: The proportion of additional analgesic drugs in the intervention group within 24 hours after operation was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As an auxiliary nursing measure, Nuangong Plaster can effectively relieve postoperative pain, promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function, shorten the time of getting out of bed and the days of hospitalization, and reduce the demand for analgesic drugs. It is a safe, simple and effective non-drug intervention method, which is worthy of clinical promotion.