基于ANSYS汽车轮毂的建模——以比亚迪秦PLUS车型为例

Finite Element Modeling and Optimization of Vehicle Wheel Hub Using ANSYS: A Case Study of BYD Qin PLUS

摘要: 本研究以比亚迪秦PLUS车型为例，综合运用ANSYS和CATIA软件对铝合金汽车轮毂进行建模与优化。通过有限元和模态分析技术，成功提升了铝合金轮毂的刚度和强度，同时减轻了其重量。研究首先利用CATIA创建三维模型，继而借助ANSYS进行分析验证，特别是对弯曲疲劳和冲击载荷进行了仿真。结果显示，优化后的轮毂在不同载荷下性能稳定可靠。此外，镁合金轮毂的设计也同步得到了优化。镁合金凭借其重量轻、强度高的优势，通过改变材料的方式，有效改善了应力分布和刚度，为实际应用奠定了基础；其选材与分析过程同样经由ANSYS软件完成。最终的数据对比表明，镁合金轮毂在弯曲应力、位移及冲击载荷应力等方面的表现均优于铝合金轮毂。因此，该研究不仅有力证实了ANSYS和CATIA在汽车轮毂设计中的价值，更为汽车轻量化轮毂设计提供了重要参考，预示着未来汽车轮毂将朝着更安全、可靠和高效的方向发展。

Abstract: This study takes the BYD Qin PLUS model as an example, comprehensively utilizing ANSYS and CATIA software for modeling and optimization of an aluminum alloy automotive wheel hub. Through finite element and modal analysis techniques, the stiffness and strength of the aluminum alloy wheel hub were successfully enhanced while its weight was reduced. The research initially employed CATIA to create a three-dimensional model, subsequently leveraging ANSYS for analytical validation, with particular focus on simulating bending fatigue and impact loads. The results demonstrate that the optimized hub exhibits stable and reliable performance under various loading conditions. Additionally, the design of the magnesium alloy wheel hub was concurrently optimized. Capitalizing on its advantages of lightweight and high strength, the magnesium alloy effectively improved stress distribution and stiffness through material substitution, laying a foundation for practical application; its material selection and analysis process were likewise completed using ANSYS software. Final comparative data indicate that the magnesium alloy wheel hub significantly outperformed its aluminum alloy counterpart in terms of bending stress, displacement, and impact load stress. Consequently, this research not only robustly validates the value of ANSYS and CATIA in automotive wheel hub design but also provides a crucial reference for lightweight automotive wheel hub development, foreshadowing a future trend towards wheel hubs characterized by enhanced safety, reliability, and efficiency.