腰椎间盘突出症缓解疼痛的中医特色治疗研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Therapies for Pain Relief in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

摘要: 腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar Disc Herniation, LDH)作为一种临床常见的脊柱退行性病变，其典型症状包括腰痛与下肢放射性疼痛，显著降低了患者的生活质量。针对该病症，目前临床上主要采用手术干预和保守治疗两种方法进行管理。而中医保守治疗凭借其整体观念和辨证论治的特色，在缓解疼痛、促进功能恢复方面具有显著优势。本文系统综述了中医治疗LDH的理论基础及特色技术，包括针灸、中药离子导入、熏蒸、红外光灸、小针刀等疗法的临床作用机制与疗效。研究表明，中医综合疗法可有效减轻疼痛、改善神经功能，并降低复发率，尤其适用于轻中度患者及术后康复。未来研究应结合现代医学评估技术，深入探讨中医治疗的作用机制，并建立标准化治疗方案，以进一步提升临床疗效。中西医结合模式的优化将是LDH治疗的重要发展方向。

Abstract: Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is a common degenerative spinal disease with typical symptoms including low back pain and radiating pain in the lower limbs, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life. Clinically, management of this condition primarily involves surgical intervention and conservative treatments. Among these, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) conservative treatments, with their holistic concept and pattern differentiation-based treatment strategies, have shown significant advantages in alleviating pain and promoting functional recovery. This article systematically reviews the theoretical basis and unique techniques of TCM in treating LDH, including therapies such as acupuncture, herbal medicine iontophoresis, fumigation, infrared phototherapy, and small needle knife. Studies indicate that comprehensive TCM therapies can effectively reduce pain, improve neurological function, and decrease recurrence rates, particularly suitable for mild to moderate patients and postoperative rehabilitation. Future research should integrate modern medical evaluation techniques to deeply explore the mechanisms of action of TCM treatments and establish standardized treatment protocols to further enhance clinical efficacy. Optimizing the integrated TCM-Western medicine model will be a key development direction for the treatment of LDH.