机床结构中接合面的摩擦特性分析

Frictional Behavior Analysis of Contact Interfaces in Machine Tool Structures

摘要: 本文针对机床制造有重大作用的结合面，提出了一种基于有限元模拟的摩擦分析模型，对结合面的摩擦特性进行了研究。采取一定的假设条件对表面轮廓完成了数值简化模拟，并将其导入ABAQUS软件，进行建模，基于此模型分析其结合面性质。结果表明，纯弹性结合面的切向力与切向位移成正比，并且其比值随着摩擦系数的增加而增加。塑性材料的切向力的大小同样随切向位移增加而增加，但两者之间不再互成正比，切向力–切向位移曲线的斜率随着切向位移的增加而逐渐减小，最终趋于零。切向力随着屈服极限以及摩擦系数增加而增加。当模型塑性变形较大时，其切向力的大小将与屈服极限更加相关。

Abstract: This study proposes a finite element-based friction analysis model to investigate the tribological behavior of contact interfaces, which play a critical role in machine tool manufacturing. By applying a series of well-defined assumptions, the surface topography was numerically simplified and subsequently imported into ABAQUS for model construction and analysis. The results demonstrate that, for purely elastic contact interfaces, the tangential force is proportional to the tangential displacement, with the proportionality constant increasing as the coefficient of friction rises. In contrast, for plastic materials, the tangential force also increases with tangential displacement; however, the relationship is no longer linear. The slope of the tangential force-displacement curve gradually decreases with increasing displacement and ultimately approaches zero. Moreover, the tangential force increases with both the yield strength and the coefficient of friction. In scenarios involving significant plastic deformation, the magnitude of the tangential force becomes more strongly correlated with the yield strength of the material.