西班牙语中汉语借词的语法特点及语音变化研究

A Study on the Grammatical Features and Phonetic Changes of Chinese Loanwords in Spanish

摘要: 借词是从别的语言中借用的词汇，同时也是重要的文化载体。本文以西班牙语中的汉语借词为研究对象，聚焦分析其构词方式、词类范畴、语义分布等语法特点以及音译借词的辅音变化、元音变化、重音及音节变化等语音特点。分析得出，汉语借词主要的构词方式有音译借词、混合借词和仿译；词类范畴上，借词多为名词；语义分布上，重要的语义场有茶、传统文化生活、饮食、人、政治等。在语音变化上，音译借词的辅音变化最为丰富，变化发生的原因在于西语中不存在相关音素，但是改写呈现出尽可能贴近源语的趋势。

Abstract: Loanwords are words borrowed from other languages and are also important carriers of culture. This article takes Chinese loanwords in Spanish as the research object, and conducts a relatively systematic summary and analysis on their grammatical characteristics such as word formation, grammatical category, semantic distribution and phonological features such as consonant change, vowel change, stress and syllable change. The analysis reveals that the main word formation modes of Chinese loanwords are phonetic loanwords, mixed loanwords and imitation loanwords. In terms of grammatical categories are mostly nouns. In terms of semantic distribution, the important semantic fields include tea, traditional cultural life, food, people, politics, and so on. In terms of phonological change, phonetic loanwords have the richest consonant change, which occurs because the relevant phonemes do not exist in Spanish, but the rewriting shows a tendency to be as close as possible to the source language.