美国帕金斯系列法案实施的案例研究

A Case Study of the Implementation of the Perkins Series of Bills in the United States

摘要: 本文聚焦美国帕金斯系列法案，系统梳理其立法背景、实施机制及典型案例，深入探讨该法案对美国职业教育发展的推动作用。20世纪80年代以来，美国面临技能鸿沟加剧、中等技能人才短缺等挑战，叠加“新职业主义”教育理念兴起与联邦政府对教育职业化的重视，帕金斯系列法案应运而生。本文通过分析田纳西州、新泽西州、特拉华州等地的实践案例，揭示法案在课程改革、审查监管、伙伴关系建设等方面的成功经验。最终提出开展劳动力需求评估，将职业准备深度融入人才培养模式、注重审核与评估，形成持续反馈闭环系统、发展合作伙伴关系，建立教育和就业无缝系统以推动职业教育高质量发展。

Abstract: This article focuses on the Perkins Series of Acts in the United States, systematically reviewing their legislative background, implementation mechanisms, and typical cases, and thoroughly exploring the role these acts have played in promoting the development of vocational education in the United States. Since the 1980s, the United States has faced challenges such as the widening skills gap and a shortage of mid-skilled workers. Compounded by the emergence of the “new vocationalism” educational philosophy and the federal government’s increased emphasis on the professionalization of education, the Perkins Series of Acts were enacted in response to these challenges. Through an analysis of practical cases in Tennessee, New Jersey, and Delaware, this paper reveals the successful experiences of the legislation in areas such as curriculum reform, oversight and regulation, and partnership building. Ultimately, it proposes the following recommendations: conduct labor demand assessments, integrate career preparation deeply into talent cultivation models, emphasize review and evaluation to form a continuous feedback loop system, develop partnerships, and establish a seamless system between education and employment to promote the high-quality development of vocational education.