跨文化适应视域下留学研究生导学机制的构建研究

Research on the Construction of a Mentor-Student Guidance Mechanism for International Graduate Students from the Perspective of Cross-Cultural Adaptation

摘要: 在“一带一路”倡议的推动下，中国高校海外办学加速发展，跨文化背景下研究生导学关系的复杂性日益凸显，传统导学模式难以有效应对由文化差异引发的诸多挑战。文章以西北工业大学哈萨克斯坦分校为研究场域，采用问卷调查与访谈相结合的混合研究方法，揭示了语言障碍、价值观冲突及教育期望落差等关键文化变量对导学绩效的负向影响。研究进一步验证了导师调适能力在缓解文化张力与提升导学满意度之间的中介作用，以及制度与技术支持在增强调适效能和机制稳定性方面的正向调节作用。在此基础上，文章构建了涵盖“文化认知、双向调适、制度技术反馈”的动态导学机制框架，突出机制的结构嵌入性与功能协同性，推动导学关系实现由经验驱动向机制驱动的范式转型。研究不仅丰富了跨文化导学机制的理论体系，也为高校海外分校的导学实践提供了制度创新、能力建设与技术赋能的系统性路径，有助于实现跨文化导学机制的持续优化与高质量发展。

Abstract: Driven by the “Belt and Road” Initiative, the acceleration of Chinese universities’ overseas education has highlighted the complexity of the mentor-mentee relationship in cross-cultural contexts, making traditional mentoring models ineffective in addressing the challenges posed by cultural differences. This paper, based on the Xi’an Northwestern Polytechnical University’s Kazakhstan branch as the research field, adopts a mixed research method combining questionnaire surveys and interviews to reveal the negative impact of key cultural variables such as language barriers, value conflicts, and educational expectation gaps on mentoring performance. The study further verifies the mediating role of mentors’ adaptability in alleviating cultural tension and improving mentoring satisfaction, as well as the positive regulatory role of institutional and technological support in enhancing adaptability and mechanism stability. On this basis, this paper constructs a dynamic mentoring mechanism framework covering “cultural cognition, two-way adaptation, and institutional and technological feedback,” highlighting the structural embeddedness and functional synergy of the mechanism, and promoting the transformation of the mentor-mentee relationship from experience-driven to mechanism-driven. This study not only enriches the theoretical system of cross-cultural mentoring mechanisms but also provides a systematic path of institutional innovation, capacity building, and technological empowerment for the mentoring practice of overseas branches of Chinese universities, which is conducive to the continuous optimization and high-quality development of cross-cultural mentoring mechanisms.