高职院校共建实训基地的管理与运营模式研究

Research on the Management and Operation Mode of Joint Training Base in Institutions of Higher Vocational Education

摘要: 基于教育部“实践中心三级体系”政策背景，本研究运用定性比较分析法解构23家企业和52所高职院校实证数据，揭示实训基地高效运营的多维驱动机制。研究发现：技术协同度构成关键必要条件，通过共建产业技术研究院及数字孪生技术应用可提升技术转化率；政策适配性需构建“行业–区域–院校”三级动态调整框架，实施分类产教融合细则与累进式税费减免；资金充足性依托“多维融资结构”模型结合智能监管提升设备利用率；高效沟通通过扁平化决策与数智化平台压缩审批周期。研究提出“需求–技术–制度”协同生态路径，整合动态效能评估、容错试错机制及人工智能辅助决策系统，推动实训基地从要素叠加向生态化共生转型。研究成果为破解“校热企冷”等困局、实现职业教育与产业升级提供理论与实践参照。

Abstract: Based on the policy background of the Ministry of Education’s “three-level system of practice centers”, this study deconstructs the empirical of 23 enterprises and 52 higher vocational colleges by using the method of qualitative comparative analysis, and reveals the multi-dimensional driving mechanism for the operation of training bases. It is found that: technical cooperation constitutes a critical necessary condition, and technology conversion rate can be improved through the co-construction of industry technology research and the application of digital twin technology; policy adaptability needs to establish a three-level dynamic adjustment framework of “industry-region-college”, implement classified industrial integration details and progressive tax reduction and fee exemption; financial copious relies on the “multi-dimensional financing structure” model combined with intelligent supervision to improve equipment utilization; communication efficiency shortens approval cycle through flat decision-making and digital platform. The study proposes a collaborative ecological path of “demand-technology-system”, integrates dynamic efficiency evaluation, fault-t trial and error mechanism and artificial intelligence assisted decision-making system, and promotes the transformation of training bases from element superposition to ecological co-existence. The research results provide theoretical and practical reference for cracking the dilemma of “school heat and enterprise cold” and realizing the upgrading of vocational education and industry.