从感官到心理：感官隐喻的类型及其形成机制

From Sensory to Psychological Domain: Types and Formation Mechanism of Sensory Metaphors

摘要: 本文聚焦语言中感官性状词的语义迁移现象，通过认知语言学理论框架系统考察“瞎”“聋”“香”“甜”“晕”等常见感官词的隐喻化进程。研究发现：这些词在当代语言实践中已突破生理感知范畴，通过跨域映射机制(cross-domain mapping)实现从感官层面向心理层面的投射，成为说话人主观情感的核心载体。文章创新性提出“感官隐喻”概念以区别于传统通感隐喻，揭示其双重语用功能——既作为态度标记间接传递评价立场，又通过情绪放大器机制实现“语言低载–情感高载”的交际效能。基于BCC语料库及自然交际语料的实证分析，本文从认知相似性、社会心理压力、文化语境驱动、语言创新需求四维度解构其形成机制，同时反思隐喻固化可能引发的表达趋同现象。

Abstract: This study focuses on the semantic shift of sensory-descriptive terms in language, systematically examining the metaphoricization process of common sensory words such as “xia” “long” “xiang” “tian” and “yun” within the framework of cognitive linguistics. The research reveals that these terms have transcended physiological perception in contemporary linguistic practice, projecting from the sensory domain to the psychological domain through cross-domain mapping mechanisms, thereby becoming core carriers of speakers’ subjective emotions. The paper innovatively proposes the concept of “sensory metaphor” to distinguish it from traditional synaesthetic metaphors, unveiling its dual pragmatic functions—serving as attitude markers to indirectly convey evaluative stances while acting as emotional amplifiers to achieve “low linguistic load but high emotional load” communicative efficacy. Based on empirical analysis of the BCC corpus and natural communicative data, this study deconstructs its formation mechanisms from four dimensions: cognitive similarity, socio-psychological pressure, cultural contextual drivers, and linguistic innovation demands. Ultimately, it points to the implied ecological crisis in language underlying this phenomenon: expression impoverishment caused by metaphorical fossilization.