1例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的病例分析

A Case Analysis of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

摘要: 目的：通过分析1例足月新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的诊疗过程，探讨其临床特征、治疗策略及多学科协作的重要性。方法：回顾性分析1例因围生期缺氧、人工喂养等高危因素引发NEC的足月儿病例，结合病史、辅助检查及文献复习，总结NEC的早期识别要点与个体化治疗方案。结果：患儿经禁食、胃肠减压、抗感染及支持治疗，诊疗中动态评估肠道功能、感染指标及并发症，避免了重症化进展。结论：足月儿NEC需警惕围生期缺氧等高危因素，早期识别血便及影像学特征至关重要。临床团队在抗感染方案优化、肠内营养评估及不良反应监测中发挥重要作用，提升个体化治疗水平。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) by analyzing the diagnostic and therapeutic process of a term neonate with NEC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a term neonate with NEC triggered by risk factors including perinatal hypoxia and formula feeding. Clinical history, auxiliary examinations, and literature review were integrated to summarize key points for early identification and individualized treatment protocols of NEC. Results: The infant received fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, anti-infective therapy, and supportive care. Dynamic assessment of intestinal function, infection markers, and complications during treatment prevented progression to severe NEC. Conclusion: NEC in term neonates requires vigilance for risk factors such as perinatal hypoxia. Early identification of bloody stools and imaging features is critical. The clinical team plays a vital role in optimizing anti-infective regimens, evaluating enteral nutrition, and monitoring adverse reactions, thereby enhancing the level of individualized treatment.