2型糖尿病患者的自我管理能力现状及其影响因素分析

The Status of Self-Management Ability and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

摘要: 目的：通过调查了解2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力现状，分析影响2型糖尿病患者的自我管理能力的因素。方法：采用方便抽样选取西安市三甲医院142位2型糖尿病患者，应用一般资料问卷及2型糖尿病自我管理问卷，用SPSS24.0进行描述性分析，单因素用t检验及方差分析，多因素分析采用逐步回归分析。结果：本次研究西安市三甲医院的142位2型糖尿病患者中：自我管理能力总分得分为(89.15 ± 17.07)、各维度的得分为饮食控制(20.33 ± 4.62)、规律锻炼(12.41 ± 2.07)、遵医嘱服药(11.42 ± 2.70)、血糖监测(13.58 ± 3.49)、足部护理(17.15 ± 4.27)、血糖预防及控制(14.27 ± 3.79)。多因素分析结果显示影响自我管理能力的主要因素为文化程度和治疗方式(P < 0.05)。结论：此次研究的西安市三甲医院142位2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力整体处于中上水平，文化程度和治疗方式影响着患者的自我管理能力，医护人员需进行针对性措施，做好患者的健康宣教，尤其是规律锻炼、足部护理等方面知识，提升患者自我管理意识，加强自我管理能力。

Abstract: Objective: Through the investigation to understand the current situation of self-management ability of type 2 diabetes patients, analyze the influencing factors of self-management ability of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: In this study, 142 T2DM patients, general information questionnaire and T2DM self-management questionnaire were selected from Grade A Third Hospital of Xi’an. SPSS24.0 was used for descriptive analysis. T-test was used for single factor, and ANOVA was used for non-t-test, and stepwise regression was used for multivariate factors. Results: In this study,142 patients with type 2 diabetes in a Grade A Hospital of Xi’an: The total scores of self-management ability were (89.15 ± 17.07), diet control (20.33 ± 4.62), regular exercise (12.41 ± 2.07), taking medicine as prescribed by doctors (11.42 ± 2.70), blood glucose monitoring (13.58 ± 3.49), foot care (17.15 ± 4.27), blood glucose prevention and control (14.27 ± 3.79). Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors affecting self-management ability were education level and treatment style (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study of Xi’an 3 Third Grade A Hospital, 142 patients with type 2 diabetes self-management ability at a lower level, culture degree and the treatment affect patient self-management ability, medical staff should be targeted measures, do a good job in the patient’s health education, especially the exercise, the respect such as foot care knowledge, improve patients’ self-management consciousness, and strengthen self-management ability.