大学生急救知识掌握情况现状及影响因素——基于湖州市两所高校的实证研究

Current Status and Influencing Factors of College Students’ Mastery of First Aid Knowledge—An Empirical Study Based on Two Universities in Huzhou City

摘要: 目的：揭示大学生急救知识与技能的总体水平，深入分析影响大学生急救知识水平能力提升的最核心因素，为构建有效急救教育体系提供部分建议。方法：2023年8月至2024年5月展开研究，采用横断面调查设计，使用问卷星平台编制问卷，对湖州两所高校491名在校学生进行调查。问卷内容包括人口的基本特征、急救技能掌握的程度、施救动机与学习意愿三个方面，使用SPSS27.0进行描述性统计、t检验、方差分析、相关性分析和多元线性回归分析来全面解释数据背后的意义。结果：大学生急救技能整体水平较低，特别是AED操作得分最低(2.33 ± 1.312分)，心肺复苏得分相对较高(2.77 ± 1.195分)。性别、专业和培训次数是影响急救知识水平的比较关键的因素：男性在AED操作和止血包扎法上的得分明显高于女性(p < 0.05)；医学专业学生的急救技能得分明显高于非医学专业学生(p < 0.001)；培训次数与技能水平呈现出正向相关(p < 0.001)，施救意愿与学习意愿呈现较强正向相关(r = 0.603)，急救知识与施救意愿呈中等正向相关(r = 0.297)，但急救知识与学习意愿的关联性比较弱(r = 0.175)。结论：当前大学生急救知识与技能掌握程度普遍较低，存在一种“高意愿，低实践”的矛盾现象。所以建议高校可以加强急救教育的实践性和情境化训练，建立“培训–考核–认证”闭环机制，同时要针对不同的群体设计具有差异化的教学内容，更好地提升学生的急救技能水平和施救的信心。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the overall proficiency of college students in first aid knowledge and skills, identify the core factors influencing the improvement of their first aid competency, and provide recommendations for constructing an effective first aid education system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2023 to May 2024 using a questionnaire developed on the Wenjuanxing platform, involving 491 students from two universities in Huzhou. The questionnaire covered three dimensions: basic demographic characteristics, level of first aid skill mastery, and motivation to perform first aid and willingness to learn. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS 27.0 to comprehensively interpret the data. Results: The overall level of first aid skills among college students was relatively low, with the lowest score observed in AED operation (2.33 ± 1.312) and a relatively higher score in CPR (2.77 ± 1.195). Gender, major, and training frequency were key factors influencing first aid knowledge: males scored significantly higher than females in AED operation and bleeding control (p < 0.05); medical students outperformed non-medical students in first aid skills (p < 0.001); training frequency was positively correlated with skill level (p < 0.001). Willingness to perform first aid was strongly correlated with willingness to learn (r = 0.603), while first aid knowledge showed a moderate positive correlation with willingness to perform first aid (r = 0.297) but a weak correlation with willingness to learn (r = 0.175). Conclusion: Current college students exhibit generally low proficiency in first aid knowledge and skills, demonstrating a “high willingness, low practice” paradox. It is recommended that universities enhance the practicality and situational training of first aid education, establish a “training-assessment-certification” closed-loop mechanism, and develop differentiated teaching content tailored to different student groups to improve first aid skills and boost confidence in performing rescue interventions.