对功能对等理论的批判性思考

Critical Reflections on Functional Equivalence Theory

摘要: 由美国当代翻译理论家奈达提出的功能对等理论对翻译界有极大影响。该理论被广泛地应用到各种体裁和语言形式的翻译当中，对翻译实践有极大的指导作用。但这一理论并不完美，它也引发了许多翻译问题，如未能考虑到不同语言背后历史文化的差异、译者主体性对译本的影响以及译文文学性的保留。译者应当辩证地看待这一理论，意识到理论存在的局限性，在翻译实践中注意理论的应用范围，挖掘更多有价值的观点，不断充实完善这一理论。

Abstract: The functional equivalence theory, proposed by the contemporary American translation theorist Nida, has had a great impact on the translation community. This theory is widely applied to translation in various genres and language forms. It has a great guiding role in translation practices. However, this theory is not perfect. It also raises many translation problems, such as the failure to consider the historical and cultural differences behind different languages, the influence of translator subjectivity on the translation, and the preservation of the literariness of the translated text. Translators should apply this theory dialectically. It is a must for translation practitioners to be aware of the limitations of the theory. The application scope of this theory should be considered in translation practice. Translators need to delve into more valuable views related to functional equivalence theory and constantly improve it.