支气管骨化病1例并文献复习

One Case of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica and Literature Review

摘要: 气管支气管骨化病(tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, TO)是一种以气管支气管树黏膜下骨或软骨组织结节状增生为特征的良性进行性疾病。该病发病率低，临床表现(慢性咳嗽、胸闷等)缺乏特异性，易导致患者就诊延迟和医师漏诊、误诊。虽然支气管镜检查提升了该病的检出率，但患者对该有创操作接受度仍较低。本文通过报道1例经我院胸部CT特征性表现早期疑诊的TO患者，结合其临床特征、诊疗过程及文献复习，探讨TO的诊治流程及熟悉的CT特征(如气管壁结节状增厚伴钙化、不累及膜部等)在TO早期诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值，旨在提高临床医师对TO的认识，强调CT在TO早期筛查中的应用，帮助临床医师在无创条件下实现TO的早期疑诊，避免不必要的检查和延误，为患者提供更及时的干预。

Abstract: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a benign progressive disease characterized by nodular hyperplasia of submucosal bone or cartilage tissue in the tracheobronchial tree. The incidence rate of the disease is low, and the clinical manifestations (chronic cough, chest tightness, etc.) lack specificity, which can easily lead to the delay of patients’ visits and doctors’ missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Although fiberoptic bronchoscopy and biopsy have improved the detection rate of this disease, bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure with low patient acceptance. This article reports a case of TO patient who was suspected of having early chest CT features in our hospital. Based on their clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, and literature review, the article explores the diagnostic and treatment process of TO and the value of familiar CT features (such as nodular thickening of the tracheal wall with calcification, not involving the membrane, etc.) in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of TO. The aim is to improve clinical doctors’ understanding of TO, emphasize the application of CT in early screening of TO, help clinical doctors achieve early suspected diagnosis of TO under non-invasive conditions, avoid unnecessary examinations and delays, and provide more timely intervention for patients.