基于数据包络分析的重庆市医院医疗效率评价

Medical Efficiency Evaluation of Chongqing Municipality Hospitals Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

摘要: 本研究旨在评估重庆市33家医院的医疗效率，分析投入产出表现，并提出优化资源配置与管理的策略，以提升运营效率和服务质量。研究收集了重庆市43家医院2021~2023年数据，筛选出33家医院作为样本。通过文献检索和专家访谈，确定了2个投入指标和3个产出指标。采用产出导向的DEA-BCC模型进行静态效率评价，并用DEA-Malmquist指数模型分析效率的动态变化。2021至2023年，33家医院的总床日数和治愈好转人数分别以39.6%和33.2%的年均率增长。静态评价发现，平均纯技术效率为0.984，规模效率为0.994，多数医院存在资源冗余，处于规模报酬递减状态。动态评价中，全要素生产率平均值为1.040，显示轻微进步，但技术效率和技术进步在不同医院间差异显著，部分医院需优化资源配置。控制医院规模、提升管理能力，以及加强管理创新与科技创新的结合，是提高医院效率的关键。

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the medical efficiency of 33 hospitals in Chongqing city, analyze input-output performance, and propose strategies for optimizing resource allocation and management to improve operational efficiency and service quality. The study collected data from 43 hospitals in Chongqing city from 2021 to 2023 and selected 33 hospitals as samples. Through literature review and expert interviews, two input indicators and three output indicators were identified. Adopting the output oriented DEA-BCC model for static efficiency evaluation, and using the DEA Malmquist index model to analyze the dynamic changes in efficiency. From 2021 to 2023, the total number of bed days and the number of cured and improved patients in 33 hospitals will grow at an average annual rate of 39.6% and 33.2%, respectively. Static evaluation found that the average pure technical efficiency is 0.984 and the scale efficiency is 0.994. Most hospitals have resource redundancy and are in a state of diminishing returns to scale. In the dynamic evaluation, the average total factor productivity is 1.040, indicating slight progress, but there are significant differences in technical efficiency and progress among different hospitals, and some hospitals need to optimize resource allocation. Controlling hospital scale, enhancing management capabilities, and strengthening the combination of management innovation and technological innovation are key to improving hospital efficiency.