合作原则视角下高功能自闭症患者的言语特征分析——以美剧《非典型少年第一季》为例

Analysis of the Speech Characteristics of High-Functioning Autistic Patients from the Perspective of the Cooperative Principle—A Case Study of American Series “Atypical Season 1”

摘要: 美国哲学家H. Paul Grice提出的“合作原则”(Cooperative Principle，以下简称CP)揭示了语言交流中一套隐含的规范机制，这些规范有助于实现交流目的。高功能自闭症(High-Functioning Autism，简称HFA)患者常因无法遵循这些隐性交流规则而导致交际失败。本研究通过文本分析方法，以美剧《非典型少年》第一季中一位HFA患者角色的对话为研究对象，考察其对CP四项准则的遵守与违背情况，分析其语言交际特征，并据此提出适用于HFA患者的交际策略，以帮助其克服社交障碍，实现更有效的沟通。研究发现，HFA患者通常遵守质量原则，但经常违反数量、关系、方式三项原则，其语言表现出重复、直白、自我封闭、组织混乱以及信息冗余等特征。研究最终提出三种可行的交际策略，以促进与HFA患者的高效沟通。

Abstract: The Cooperative Principle (CP), proposed by American philosopher H. Paul Grice, reveals an implicit normative framework underlying verbal communication, which facilitates the achievement of communicative goals. Individuals with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) often experience communication failures due to their difficulties in adhering to these implicit rules. This study adopts a textual analysis approach, examining the dialogues of an HFA character in the American television series Atypical (Season 1) to investigate how the four maxims of CP are either observed or violated. The research aims to analyze the speech characteristics of HFA individuals and, based on the findings, propose communicative strategies tailored to their needs, so as to help them overcome social barriers and achieve more effective communication. The study finds that HFA patients generally adhere to the maxim of Quality but frequently violate the maxims of Quantity, Relation, and Manner. Their speech is characterized by repetitiveness, bluntness, self-isolation, disorganization, and excessive informativeness. In response, the study proposes three feasible communication strategies designed to enhance the effectiveness of interactions with HFA individuals.