轻质电性吸波材料设计与研究进展
Design and Research Progress of Lightweight Electrically Conductive Microwave Absorbing Materials
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2025.158176, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 李佩柔, 翟浩琦, 武鑫赣, 周 琦, 魏俊绸, 张玉晶：南京理工大学材料科学与工程学院，江苏 南京；杨 萱：中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所，山东 济南
关键词: 电磁波；电磁波吸收；吸波材料；阻抗匹配；反射损耗；Electromagnetic Waves； Electromagnetic Wave Absorption； Microwave-Absorbing Materials； Impedance Matching； Reflection Loss
摘要: 近年来，随着无线通信技术的迅猛发展，电磁干扰与辐射问题日益严重，不仅影响设备正常运行，还可能危害人体健康和环境。因此，研发高性能轻质复合吸波材料成为解决电磁污染的关键。本文综述了电损耗型轻质复合吸波材料的最新研究进展，重点探讨了电导损耗型(如碳纳米管、石墨烯、导电聚合物)和介电损耗型(如陶瓷材料、过渡金属化合物)吸波材料的损耗机制及其优化策略。通过材料复合与结构设计(如多孔、核壳结构)，改善阻抗匹配并增强界面极化，从而提升电磁波吸收性能。本文为高效轻质吸波材料研究和设计提供了理论依据和技术参考，对推动电磁吸波及相关领域的发展具有重要意义。
Abstract: In recent years, the rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has exacerbated issues of electromagnetic interference and radiation, which not only disrupt equipment operation but also pose potential risks to human health and the environment. Consequently, the development of high-performance lightweight composite microwave absorption materials has become crucial for addressing electromagnetic pollution. This review summarizes the research progress in lightweight composite microwave-absorbing materials dominated by electrical loss mechanisms, with a focus on elucidating the loss mechanisms and optimization strategies for conductive loss-dominant materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers) and dielectric loss-dominant materials (e.g., ceramic materials and transition metal oxides). Through material composite and structural design (e.g., porous, core-shell structure), impedance matching can be improved and interfacial polarization can be enhanced, thereby significantly boosting electromagnetic wave absorption performance. This review provides theoretical foundations and technical references for the research and design of efficient lightweight microwave absorbers, offering valuable insights to advance the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption and related technologies.
文章引用：李佩柔, 翟浩琦, 武鑫赣, 周琦, 魏俊绸, 杨萱, 张玉晶. 轻质电性吸波材料设计与研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2025, 15(8): 1650-1658. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2025.158176

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