抗氧化剂在卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻保存中的研究进展

Research Progress of Antioxidants in Vitrification Cryopreservation of Ovarian Tissue

摘要: 本综述探讨了抗氧化剂在卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻保存中的应用进展，旨在保护女性癌症患者的生育能力。癌症治疗如放疗和化疗虽提高了患者的生存率，但也对卵巢功能造成了损害，影响了年轻女性的生育健康。卵巢组织冷冻保存(OCT)作为一种保护生育能力的方法受到了关注，其中玻璃化冷冻技术因其高效性而逐渐流行。然而，冷冻保存过程中的氧化应激导致了细胞损伤和卵泡损失，影响了移植组织的寿命及功能恢复。研究表明，通过添加抗氧化剂(如白藜芦醇、褪黑素、维生素E等)到冷冻介质中，可以有效减少活性氧(ROS)的生成，减轻氧化应激，从而提高胚胎发育率和卵泡存活率。此外，抗氧化剂还能改善卵泡超微结构和形态，增强线粒体活性，并降低DNA损伤。这些发现提示，在冷冻保存介质中使用抗氧化剂是提高卵巢组织保存效果的有效策略，为未来临床应用提供了新的方向。进一步研究需集中在评估抗氧化剂的最佳组合及其临床应用，以优化卵巢组织冷冻保存和移植方案。

Abstract: This review summarizes the recent advances in the application of antioxidants in vitrification of ovarian tissue, aiming to preserve the fertility of female cancer patients. While cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have significantly improved patient survival rates, they often cause damage to ovarian function, particularly affecting the reproductive health of young women. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OCT) has emerged as a promising strategy for fertility preservation, with vitrification gaining popularity due to its high efficiency. However, oxidative stress generated during the cryopreservation process leads to cellular damage and follicular loss, negatively affecting the lifespan and functional recovery of transplanted tissues. Studies have shown that the addition of antioxidants, such as resveratrol, melatonin, and vitamin E, to the cryopreservation medium can effectively reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviate oxidative stress, and thereby enhance embryo development rates and follicle survival rates. Moreover, antioxidants have been found to improve follicular ultrastructure and morphology, enhance mitochondrial activity, and reduce DNA damage. These findings suggest that the inclusion of antioxidants in cryopreservation media is an effective strategy for improving the outcomes of ovarian tissue preservation, offering new perspectives for future clinical applications. Further research is needed to evaluate the optimal combinations of antioxidants and their translational potential in clinical settings, in order to refine protocols for ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation.