数字化转型对企业就业规模及就业结构的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Employment Scale and Employment Structure of Enterprises

摘要: 为探究企业数字化转型对就业的影响及其内在机制，本文基于2007~2023年A股上市公司的面板数据，采用固定效应模型进行实证分析，检验了企业数字化转型对就业规模与就业结构的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，数字化转型通过扩大企业的经营规模和增加技术研发投入，扩大了就业规模、推动了就业技能结构和岗位结构的优化，其中对技能结构的改善更为明显。异质性分析表明，小型企业在就业规模与技能结构上的提升更显著；国有企业虽在就业规模扩张上表现突出，但就业结构优化不足，而非国企则在就业技能优化方面更具优势。基于上述结论，本文提出了可行性建议，旨在促进企业在推进数字化转型过程中实现更高质量的就业发展。

Abstract: To explore the impact of enterprise digital transformation on employment and its internal mechanism, this paper is based on the panel data of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2023, and empirical analysis is conducted by using the fixed effect model to test the impact and mechanism of enterprise digital transformation on employment scale and employment structure. It is found that digital transformation expands the employment scale and promotes the optimization of employment skill structure and job structure by increasing the scale of operation and investment in research and development, among which the improvement of skill structure is more pronounced. Heterogeneity analysis shows that small enterprises have a more significant improvement in employment scale and skill structure; state-owned enterprises are outstanding in employment scale expansion but insufficient in structural optimization, while non-state-owned enterprises have more advantages in skill structure upgrading. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward several suggestions aimed at promoting enterprises to realize higher-quality employment development in the process of promoting digital transformation.