近10年贵阳机场辐射雾天气与城市空气质量关联性研究

Study on the Correlation between Radiation Fog Weather at Guiyang Airport and Urban Air Quality in Recent 10 Years

摘要: 本文基于2015年~2024年贵阳机场辐射雾观测数据、AWOS自动观测系统资料及贵阳市空气质量监测数据，采用统计分析、相关性检验及典型案例剖析等方法，探究贵阳机场辐射雾天气与城市空气质量的关联性。研究发现：近10年贵阳机场辐射雾发生频次呈波动上升趋势，有雾时段空气质量指数(AQI)、PM2.5和PM10浓度年均值显著高于全年平均水平；最低能见度与PM2.5/PM10浓度呈显著负相关，辐射雾持续时间与污染物浓度呈显著正相关；典型案例分析表明，辐射雾形成前存在“污染物先期累积–雾滴凝结”过程，春节燃放烟花爆竹所致的空气污染为辐射雾提供凝结核并加剧其发展。研究结果为贵阳机场辐射雾天气预报及航班运行决策提供了量化依据。

Abstract: This study investigates the correlation between radiation fog events at Guiyang Airport and urban air quality based on observational data of radiation fog at Guiyang Airport from 2015 to 2024, AWOS automated observation system data, and air quality monitoring data from Guiyang City. Statistical analysis, correlation tests, and case study methods were employed. The findings reveal that over the past decade, the frequency of radiation fog at Guiyang Airport has shown a fluctuating upward trend. During foggy periods, the annual average values of the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were significantly higher than the annual averages. A significant negative correlation was observed between minimum visibility and PM2.5/PM10 concentrations, while a significant positive correlation existed between the duration of radiation fog and pollutant concentrations. Case analyses demonstrated that prior to radiation fog formation, a process of “pollutant accumulation followed by fog droplet condensation” occurs. Air pollution caused by fireworks during the Spring Festival provided condensation nuclei for radiation fog and exacerbated its development. The research results provide quantitative evidence for radiation fog forecasting at Guiyang Airport and decision-making for flight operations.