超高车辆桥梁上部结构碰撞研究与展望

Research and Prospect on Collision of Super-High Vehicles with Upper Structures of Bridges

摘要: 随着城镇化建设，汽车交通量增大，城市交通负荷持续攀升，立体交通网络建设已成为缓解道路拥堵的关键举措。在此背景下，全国范围内立交桥梁建设规模显著扩大，但随之而来的超高车辆撞击桥梁事故频发问题日益凸显。这类撞击事故对桥梁结构安全构成严重威胁。据国内外权威统计数据显示，在航道及高速公路桥梁结构失效事故中，车船撞击已超越自然灾害等传统因素，成为导致桥梁坍塌的首要诱因。此类碰撞不仅可能造成桥梁局部损伤，还可能引发整体稳定性问题，甚至导致桥梁功能丧失或坍塌。开展超高车辆与桥梁上部结构碰撞机理的系统研究，建立科学的损伤评估方法，并研发有效的防护技术措施，更能为保障桥梁结构安全运营提供关键技术支撑，对提升城市交通基础设施安全水平和运行效率具有重要意义。

Abstract: With the development of urbanization, the volume of motor vehicles has increased, and the load on urban traffic has continued to rise. The construction of a three-dimensional transportation network has become a key measure to alleviate road congestion. Against this backdrop, the scale of overpass construction across the country has significantly expanded. However, the problem of frequent collisions between overheight vehicles and bridges has become increasingly prominent. Such collisions pose a serious threat to the safety of bridge structures. According to authoritative statistics at home and abroad, in the failure accidents of bridge structures in waterways and highways, vehicle and vessel collisions have surpassed traditional factors such as natural disasters and become the primary cause of bridge collapses. Such collisions not only may cause local damage to the bridge but also may lead to overall stability issues, and even result in the loss of bridge functionality or collapse. Conducting systematic research on the collision mechanism between overheight vehicles and the superstructure of bridges, establishing scientific damage assessment methods, and developing effective protective technical measures can provide key technical support for ensuring the safe operation of bridge structures, which is of great significance for improving the safety level and operational efficiency of urban transportation infrastructure.