从女子诗文集看明清知识女性的婚姻观念

Analysis of the Marriage Concepts of Intellectual Women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from Women’s Poetry Collection

摘要: 女子诗文集中反映出明清知识女性对程朱理学礼教规范的内化和有限重构。一方面她们遵从以顺相夫、从一而终的传统妇德闺范，这种价值内化使其倾向于隐忍婚姻中的情感焦虑和生存困境。另一方面，知识女性亦展现出主体性诉求，她们追求才识相配、精神平等契合的伙伴式婚姻，甚至公开表达自己对现实婚姻的不满，她们还通过对传统妇德的重构肯定自身社会价值，体现出知识女性群体对个人价值的肯定和认同。

Abstract: The poetry collections of female writer reflect the internalization and limited reconstruction of Neo-Confucianism by intellectual women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the one hand, they conformed to traditional female virtues such as obedience to their husbands and lifelong fidelity. This internalization of values led them to endure emotional anxieties and existential dilemmas within marriage. On the other hand, intellectual women also demonstrated subjective agency by pursuing companionate marriages based on intellectual compatibility and spiritual equality. They even expressed dissatisfaction with their marital relationships. Furthermore, through the reinterpretation of traditional female virtues, they affirmed their own social value, reflecting the awakening of self-awareness among this group of intellectual women.