老龄化背景下公建民营养老机构运营优化研究——以广东省L区为例

Research on the Operation Optimization of Public-Private Partnership Elderly Care Institutions under the Background of Population Aging—A Case Study of L District, Guangdong Province

摘要: 随着我国老龄化进程加速，公建民营养老模式成为破解养老服务供给矛盾的重要路径。研究以广东省L区为案例，通过实地调研、深度访谈及政策文本分析，系统剖析公建民营养老机构运营困境，发现三大核心问题：监管碎片化、资金单一化、人才紧缺化。基于此，在对其他地区的公建民营养老机构运营经验进行借鉴与总结的基础上提出三维优化策略：构建“政府–市场–社会”协同监管机制，设立专项基金拓展多元化融资渠道；创新“基础服务政府托底 + 增值服务市场运营”分层供给模式；建立“选育用评”人才闭环管理体系，实施薪酬激励与职业晋升双轨改革，旨在为L区优化公建民营养老机构运营模式提供借鉴与参考。

Abstract: With the acceleration of the aging process in China, the public construction and private operation model for elderly care has become an important path to solve the contradiction in elderly care service supply. This study takes L District in Guangdong Province as a case, through on-site investigation, in-depth interviews and policy text analysis, systematically analyzes the operational difficulties of public construction and private operation elderly care institutions, and finds three core problems: fragmented supervision, single funding, and shortage of talents. Based on this, by drawing on and summarizing the operational experience of public construction and private operation elderly care institutions in other regions, three-dimensional optimization strategies are proposed: building a “government—market—society” collaborative supervision mechanism, setting up a special fund to expand diversified financing channels; innovating a hierarchical supply model of “basic services guaranteed by the government + value-added services operated by the market”; establishing a closed-loop management system of “selection, training, use and evaluation” for talents, and implementing a dual-track reform of salary incentives and career advancement. The aim is to provide reference and guidance for optimizing the operation mode of public construction and private operation elderly care institutions in L District.