电子商务平台自治的权力边界及其规制完善

The Power Boundaries of E-Commerce Platform Autonomy and the Improvement of Its Regulation

摘要: 平台经济迅猛发展的当下，电子商务平台凭借数据控制和技术支撑成为在线管理的优势主体，在平台准入规则制定、平台交易行为规制、纠纷处理等方面有极大的话语权。但电商平台在技术权力和逐利性的加持下，加剧算法技术的不公平、消解公权力机关的监管职能、侵蚀用户权利，通过控制账号权重、“引流”、“限流”等手段随意影响在线商家的可见性，甚至滥用自治处罚权。平台自治属于公共属性的私权力，其权力来源于公权力机关授权、算法架构赋权以及用户私权利的让渡。而对电商平台自治权力的约束机制缺位，以及算法的“黑箱性”和技术使用的“非中立性”，增加了权力滥用和失范的风险。因此需要加强程序性审查，约束电商平台自治处罚权的行使；确立算法解释权制度，增强算法透明度；设立第三方平台监督机制，构建协同监管体制，以此对电商平台自我治理进行有效规制，促进电商经济平稳有序的规范化发展。

Abstract: In the current era of rapid development of the platform economy, e-commerce platforms, with their data control and technological support, have become the dominant players in online management, enjoying significant influence in setting platform access rules, regulating platform transaction behaviors, and handling disputes. However, under the influence of technological power and profit-driven motives, these platforms have implemented algorithmic tyranny, undermined the regulatory functions of public authorities, and encroached upon user rights. They manipulate the visibility of online merchants by controlling account weights, “draining traffic”, “limiting traffic”, and even abusing their autonomous penalty powers. The autonomy of platforms, which is a private power with public attributes, originates from the authorization of public authorities, empowerment by algorithmic architecture, and the transfer of users’ private rights. The absence of a constraint mechanism for the autonomous power of e-commerce platforms, along with the “black box” nature of algorithms and the “non-neutrality” of technology usage, increases the risk of power abuse and disorder. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen procedural review to restrict the exercise of autonomous penalty powers by e-commerce platforms; establish an algorithm explanation rights system to enhance algorithm transparency; set up a third-party platform supervision mechanism to build a collaborative regulatory system, effectively regulating the self-governance of e-commerce platforms and promoting the stable and orderly standardized development of the e-commerce economy.