融合工程实践教育思想的大学生科技创新创业教育改革与实践

Reform and Practice of College Students’ Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Integrating the Philosophy of Engineering Practice

摘要: 当前高校创新创业教育往往偏重理论框架与商业计划，缺乏坚实的工程实践根基，制约了学生创新能力的有效发挥和成果转化。将工程实践教育思想深度融入科技创新创业教育，成为弥补这一短板、提升教育实效的关键路径。本研究探索将工程实践教育思想深度融入大学生科技创新创业教育的路径。核心在于依托学科竞赛和大学生创新创业训练项目两大载体，以“多元协同”理念为指导，通过强化学科竞赛的工程实践内涵与创业导向、深化创新创业训练项目中的工程设计流程应用(如CDIO)及校企合作实效、构建竞赛与项目间的成果转化协同机制，并借鉴国内外高校经验进行实践。该融合模式有效构建了知识学习、工程实践与创新创业能力培养的贯通体系，显著提升了学生解决真实工程问题、创新设计及市场洞察的能力。系统融入工程实践教育思想，优化竞赛与项目的设计联动，是提升教育实效、培养复合型工程创新人才的关键；而多主体协同、学科竞赛及配套政策资源的保障，为高校深化工程教育与创新创业教育改革提供了可借鉴的实践经验。

Abstract: Current innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities tends to emphasize theoretical frameworks and business planning, while lacking a solid foundation in engineering practice. This deficiency constrains students’ capacity for effective innovation and the transformation of their achievements. Integrating the philosophy of engineering practice into innovation and entrepreneurship education has become a critical pathway to addressing this shortcoming and enhancing educational effectiveness. This study explores an in-depth integration of engineering practice education into college students’ scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship education. The core strategy lies in leveraging two major platforms—disciplinary competitions and undergraduate innovation and entrepreneurship training programs—guided by the concept of “multi-agent collaboration”. Specifically, it emphasizes strengthening the engineering practice elements and entrepreneurial orientation of competitions, deepening the application of engineering design processes (e.g., CDIO) and the effectiveness of university—industry collaboration in training programs, and constructing a collaborative transformation mechanism between competitions and training projects. The study also draws on practices and experiences from domestic and international universities. This integrative model effectively establishes a coherent system that connects knowledge acquisition, engineering practice, and innovation and entrepreneurship competency development. It significantly enhances students’ abilities in solving real-world engineering problems, innovative design, and market insight. Systematically embedding the philosophy of engineering practice into innovation education, and optimizing the synergy between competitions and training projects, is key to improving educational outcomes and cultivating interdisciplinary engineering innovators. Furthermore, the support of multi-party collaboration, disciplinary competitions, and corresponding institutional policies provides practical experience for deepening reform in engineering and innovation entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions.