预制菜销售中消费者知情权保障研究

A Study of Safeguarding Consumers’ Right to Know in the Marketing of Prepared Dishes

摘要: 本文聚焦预制菜销售中消费者知情权保障缺失问题，基于消费投诉热点事件及中国消费者协会维权舆情数据，揭示餐饮领域普遍存在的销售预制菜不告知现象。研究指出三重困境：消费者对预制菜认知不足导致信任危机，法律未强制标识引发经营者隐瞒行为，维权举证难与监管缺位形成制度壁垒。借鉴澳大利亚、意大利等国司法经验，提出系统性保障路径：立法层面明确预制菜主动告知义务及食品信息公示制度；监管层面建立全国统一标识规范与溯源体系；救济层面通过过错推定原则减轻举证负担，协同公益诉讼、小额诉讼完善多元解纷机制。研究旨在构建“科普宣传–强制标识–司法救济”三位一体治理框架，促进预制菜产业透明化发展。

Abstract: This study addresses the deficiency in safeguarding consumers’ right to know regarding pre-made dishes in food services. Analyzing representative news and consumer complaint data from the China Consumers Association reveals pervasive infringements in the catering sector. Three structural dilemmas are identified: insufficient consumer awareness triggering trust crises; operators’ concealment practices induced by the absence of mandatory labeling laws; and institutional barriers comprising high evidentiary burdens for litigation and regulatory gaps. Drawing on judicial precedents from Australia and Italy, the research proposes a systematic safeguarding framework: legislatively, clarifying the obligation to proactively inform about pre-prepared dishes and a food information disclosure system; regulatorily, implementing nationwide standardized labeling and traceability systems; judicially, adopting presumption of fault principles to alleviate consumers’ burden of proof, while enhancing alternative dispute resolution through public interest litigation and small claims procedures. The study aims to construct a tripartite governance framework integrating “public education-mandatory labeling-judicial relief” to advance transparency in the prepared dish industry.