文本类型理论视角下的纪录片字幕英译研究——以《了不起的村落》为例

A Study on the English Translation of Documentary Subtitles from the Perspective of Text Type Theory—A Case Study of “The Great Tribe”

摘要: 纪录片作为文化传播的重要媒介，在“文化走出去”战略中发挥着独特作用。《了不起的村落》通过呈现鄂温克族驯鹿文化，展现了丰富的民族记忆与生态变迁，其字幕翻译在语言转换与文化传递之间面临双重挑战。本文以赖斯的文本类型理论为基础，围绕信息型文本的准确性、完整性、流畅性与逻辑性，从词汇、语体与语篇三个层面分析该纪录片字幕的英译策略，系统探讨了直译与音译在文化再现中的适用性、语域调节对叙事语体节奏的维护作用，以及结构显化在语篇连贯与逻辑建构方面的功能。研究表明，信息型字幕翻译应兼顾语言清晰与文化传神，在忠实内容的基础上，实现跨文化传播的有效转化。本文为民族题材纪录片的翻译实践提供了理论支持与策略参考。

Abstract: As an important medium for cultural dissemination, documentaries play a unique role in the “cultural going global” strategy. The Great Tribe presents the rich ethnic memory and ecological changes of the Ewenki reindeer culture, and its subtitle translation faces a dual challenge between language conversion and cultural transmission. This article is based on Rice’s theory of text types, focusing on the accuracy, completeness, fluency, and logicality of informational texts. It analyzes the English translation strategy of the documentary subtitles from three levels: vocabulary, style, and discourse. It systematically explores the applicability of literal translation and transliteration in cultural reproduction, the role of domain adjustment in maintaining the rhythm of narrative style, and the function of structural manifestation in discourse coherence and logical construction. Research has shown that information-based subtitle translation should balance language clarity and cultural vividness, and achieve effective cross-cultural communication on the basis of faithful content. This article provides theoretical support and strategic references for the translation practice of ethnic themed documentaries.