文本类型理论视角下文学翻译研究——以《你当像鸟飞往你的山》为例

A Study of Literary Translation from the Perspective of Text Typology Theory—A Case Study of “Educated: A Memoir”

摘要: 近年来，以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能对翻译行业造成了巨大影响。尽管人工智能已经能够替代译员的大量翻译，但在文学翻译领域，仍旧需要具有情感体会和领悟的人工译员的大量参与。最近几年关于“原生家庭”话题的讨论度不断增多，围绕这一主题的心理学书籍和文学书籍也得到了大范围推广。其中，由美国作家塔拉·韦斯特弗(Tara Westover)所著的《你当像鸟飞往你的山》(Educated: A Memoir)受到了广泛关注。该书主要讲述了作者如何通过接受教育逐渐摆脱原生家庭的负面影响，彰显了教育的重要性，能够为读者们提供关于如何自我救赎和改善生活的思考。本文从德国功能派代表人物凯瑟琳娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的文本类型理论视角出发，通过译本和原文本的对比分析，并结合赖斯对不同文本类型特点与翻译策略的总结，探究Educated: A Memoir的主要文本功能，并研究译本如何体现了赖斯所提出的翻译方法。研究发现，在翻译文学作品时，应优先考虑其表情型功能的实现，但文学作品也是混合型文本，其信息型和操作型功能的实现也十分重要，译者在采用赖斯针对不同文本类型的翻译策略时，也能够在尊重原文的前提下，考虑到目标语读者的需求，进行一定的创造，在译作中延续原作的生命，同时从中绽放新的生命元素。

Abstract: Today, artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT has a great impact on translation industry. Although it can handle a large amount of translation materials, it still needs the participation of human translators to a large extent in literary translation. In recent years, discussions around “family of origin” have largely increased, and psychological as well as literary books about that topic have been extensively spread. One of them gains a widespread popularity is Educated: A Memoir, written by American writer Tara Westover. This literary work mainly tells how the author gets rid of the negative influence of her original family, which emphasizes the great importance of education and provides a way for readers with similar experience to improve their lives. From the perspective of text typology put forward by Katharina Reiss, a representative figure of the German functionalist school, and through the contrastive analysis between the original text and translation text, the paper explores the main text function of Educated: A Memori and how the translation text embodies the translation strategies through the reference of characteristics of different text types and their specific translation methods proposed by Reiss. The research reveals that when translate literary works, the translator should prioritize the achievement of expressive function. But as hybrid texts, the achievements of informative and operative functions of literary works should also be considered. Besides adopting Reiss’s translation strategies, the translator can also make some adjustments considering the readers’ needs of target text and under the premise of respecting the original text. Therefore, the translator can not only continue the life of the original work, but also create new life elements in the target text.