北亚热带典型针叶混交林空间结构参数分布特征分析

Analysis of Spatial Structure Parameter Distribution Characteristics of Typical Coniferous Mixed Forests in Northern Subtropical Regions

摘要: 以北亚热带遂昌国家森林公园典型杉木–黄山松针叶混交林为研究对象，对其结构特征进行研究，为林分结构的优化提供参考为森林经营调控和重建提供指导。对样地内的林木进行每木定位和调查，计算每株林木的角尺度(W)、混交度(M)和大小比数(U)，及核心区林木分布(一元、二元分布)相对频率。从一元空间分布格局分析可知，研究区林木总体呈随机分布状态，林分混交程度处于中等水平，不同树种在生长势和生态位上的表现存在较大差异，群落整体趋于均衡但结构尚未稳定。在二元分布分析中，角尺度–混交度与大小比–角尺度两组指标组合下，林木以随机分布为主，混交程度主要表现为中等至偏强；而在大小比–混交度的组合关系中，则以强混交林木为主导类型，表明林分在空间结构上呈现出一定的复杂性和异质性。从主要树种的混交特征来看，优势种杉木与黄山松之间混交程度较高，二者在群落中分布较为随机，体现出良好的生态适应性和竞争力；相对而言，其余伴生树种生长势较弱，且不同树种间在径级、树高等结构因子上差异显著，群落内部存在一定程度的个体分化与层级分布。全面分析杉木–黄山松混交林的空间结构，为杉木和黄山松混交林结构优化提供重要参考信息。

Abstract: Taking the typical coniferous mixed forest in the northern subtropical Suichang National Forest Park as the research object, this study aims to investigate its structural characteristics, provide reference for optimizing forest stand structure, and provide guidance for forest management, regulation, and reconstruction. Conduct positioning and investigation of each tree in the standard plot, calculate the angular scale (W), mixed degree (M), and size ratio (U) of each tree, as well as the relative frequency of forest distribution in the core area (univariate and binary distribution). From the perspective of univariate distribution, the overall distribution of trees belongs to random distribution, with moderate mixed forest stands and uneven quality of tree species, in a moderate state; In the binary distribution, the combination of angular scale mixed degree and size ratio angular scale is dominated by randomly distributed and strongly mixed trees, while in the size ratio mixed degree distribution, strongly mixed trees are predominant. The mixed degree of the main tree species is relatively high, showing a mixed state of intensity or above; Among them, Chinese fir and Huangshan pine are the dominant tree species in this community, which belong to random distribution, while other tree species have growth disadvantages and significant differences in size between tree species. The spatial structure of Chinese fir Mount Huangshan pine mixed forest was comprehensively analyzed to provide important reference information for the structural optimization of Chinese fir and Mount Huangshan pine mixed forest.