文化景观视角下古茶园和茶文化系统的影响因素分析——以湘西保靖黄金茶为例

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Ancient Tea Gardens and Tea Culture Systems from the Perspective of Cultural Landscapes—Take the Baojing Golden Tea in Xiangxi as an Example

摘要: 农业文化遗产是指人与自然在长期的协同发展过程中，创造并传承的独特农业生态系统，它包含着丰富的生物多样性、完善的传统知识与技术体系、独特的生态与文化景观，体现了人类历史、科学和人文的重要价值。湘西保靖，是我国著名的种茶区，有着悠久的种茶历史及丰富的茶文化遗产。从古至今，饮茶风俗就一直在当地盛行，已达到“茶为食物，无异米盐”的重要地步，并且凭借自身优越的地理位置、良好的生态环境及一千多年来的种茶历史和丰富的古茶园资源，促使当地茶叶——湘西黄金茶，成为闻名中国的茶叶。本文研究的主要内容是湘西古茶园和茶文化系统的保护与传承的影响因素。通过对国内外有关文化生态理论和非物质文化遗产保护的研究综述，并参考其他相关研究的调查问卷，以保靖黄金茶古茶园为例结合茶非物质文化遗产的特点，本文设计了调査问卷。并通过实地发放调查问卷(主要在黄金寨)，我们获得了第一手的数据资料，通过运用SPSS等统计软件对调查数据进行分析，最终发现影响古茶园和茶文化系统传承与保护的四个因素，它们分别是政治因子、行为态度、物质因子、教育情况。最后，本文根据研究结果及茶非物质文化遗产的特点及现状提出了几点建议：一是加强对群众和学生的教育引导；二是重视农民在茶文化遗产与认知研究工作中相关利益的保护；三是加大资金投入，切实抓好现有古茶树群落的保护工作；四是建立黄金村古茶园基因文化展示中心。

Abstract: Agricultural cultural heritage refers to the unique agricultural ecosystem created and passed down by humans and nature during their long-term collaborative development. It encompasses rich biodiversity, a complete traditional knowledge and technology system, unique ecological and cultural landscapes, and embodies the significant value of human history, science, and culture. Baojing, in Xiangxi, is a famous tea-growing area in China, with a long history of tea cultivation and rich tea cultural heritage. Since ancient times, the tea-drinking custom has been prevalent in the region, reaching the important stage where “tea is as essential as food, salt, and medicine”. Moreover, due to its advantageous geographical location, good ecological environment, over a thousand years of tea cultivation history, and abundant ancient tea garden resources, the local tea—Xiangxi Golden Tea—has become a well-known tea in China. The main content of this study is the factors that influence the protection and inheritance of the ancient tea gardens and tea culture system in Xiangxi. Through a review of relevant research on cultural ecology theories and the protection of intangible cultural heritage at home and abroad, and by referring to the survey questionnaires of other related studies, taking the Golden Tea Ancient Tea Garden in Baojing as an example and combining the characteristics of tea intangible cultural heritage, this paper designed a survey questionnaire. Through the distribution of the questionnaire (mainly in Golden Mountain Village), we obtained first-hand data. By using statistical software such as SPSS to analyze the survey data, we ultimately found four factors that affect the inheritance and protection of ancient tea gardens and tea culture systems, namely political factors, behavioral attitudes, material factors, and educational conditions. Finally, based on the research results, the characteristics and current situation of tea intangible cultural heritage, and in light of the tea culture and knowledge research work of farmers, this paper puts forward several suggestions: First, strengthen education and guidance for the masses and students; second, attach importance to the protection of farmers’ related interests in the research of tea intangible cultural heritage; third, increase investment and effectively carry out the protection work of existing ancient tea tree communities; fourth, establish a Golden Village Ancient Tea Garden Gene Culture Exhibition Center.