高关水库优化设计及运行水位动态调控研究

Optimal Design and Dynamic Control of Water Level in Gaoguan Reservoir

摘要: 高关水库的原设计洪水偏大导致蓄满率偏低，防洪与兴利矛盾突出。本文基于复核设计洪水成果，采用调洪演算法推求汛限水位等特征值，评估汛限水位调整对供水和发电效益的提升作用。在确保防洪标准不变的前提下，主汛期和前后汛期的汛限水位可调整为119.50 m和120.50 m。采用1972~2023年日流量系列进行模拟调度，年均弃水量和发电量分别减少了1196万m³和增发117万kW·h。在实际运行调度中，依据水文气象预报信息，若预报无雨或小雨，汛限水位可上浮水位0.50 m，梅雨结束后进入后汛期水位运行，实现水库运行水位动态调控和提前蓄水。高关水库年均可增加约2000万m³蓄水量。

Abstract: The original design floods are overestimated which resulted in lower refill rate, and the contradiction between flood control and water resources utilization is very serious in Gaoguan Reservoir. Based on the rechecked design floods, this study employs flood routing method to determine flood limited water level (FLWL) and evaluates the benefits of adjusting the FLWL in terms of water supply and power generation. Under the condition of maintaining the original flood control standard, the FLWL in the main flood season and the pre-/post-flood seasons can be adjusted on 119.50  m and 120.50  m, respectively. The operation simulation results using daily data series from 1972 to 2023 show that the average annual water abandonment and power generation has reduced by 11.96 million m³ and increased by approximately 1.17 million kW∙h, respectively. Based on hydrometeorological forecasting information, the FLWL could be raised by 0.5  m if no rainfall or only light rain is predicted, the operation in the main flood season can be changed to the post-flood season after the end of plum rain season for dynamic operation of water level and early refill. This study is expected to increase about 20 million m³ storage water annually.