粉煤灰基双液型注浆料性能研究

A Study on the Properties of Fly Ash-Based Two-Component Grouting Materials

摘要: 为提升盾构同步注浆材料的性能表现与工程适应性，响应地下空间开发中对高性能、低污染材料体系的迫切需求，本文围绕桃浦污水处理厂初期雨水调蓄工程的实际工况，开展了以粉煤灰为基料，配合不同稀释比的水玻璃构建双液注浆体系，旨在系统探讨稀释条件对浆体性能与微观结构的影响，为盾构同步注浆材料的优化设计提供理论依据与工程参考。实验采用比重测试、凝结时间测定、稠度试验以及无侧限抗压强度测试方法，系统评估水玻璃稀释比变化对双液浆工作性与早期强度性能的调控效果；结合X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析，揭示不同水玻璃浓度对浆体反应产物的矿物组成及结石体结构致密性的影响规律。研究结果表明，水玻璃的稀释比例对浆体性能具有显著影响，当水玻璃与水的体积比为9:1时，浆体不仅满足盾构施工对比重、稠度、凝结时间及早期强度的综合性能要求，还有效控制了材料成本，减少了水玻璃过量使用所带来的环境负荷。微观结构分析显示，水玻璃浓度对浆体反应产物类型的影响较小，但对结石体结构的致密性具有显著作用。本研究为构建性能优越、绿色可持续的盾构注浆材料体系提供了理论依据与技术支持。

Abstract: To enhance the performance and engineering adaptability of shield synchronous grouting materials and to address the urgent demand for high-performance, low-pollution material systems in underground space development, this study, based on the actual working conditions of the Taopu Sewage Treatment Plant’s preliminary rainwater storage project, developed a fly ash-based two-component grouting system incorporating water glass at various dilution ratios. The objective was to systematically investigate the influence of dilution conditions on the grout’s rheological properties and microstructural characteristics, thereby providing a theoretical foundation and engineering reference for the optimized design of shield grouting materials. Through a series of experimental evaluations including bulk density measurement, setting time determination, consistency testing, and unconfined compressive strength assessment, the regulatory effect of water glass dilution on the workability and early strength of the grout was comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to reveal the influence of water glass concentration on the mineralogical composition of reaction products and the compactness of the hardened matrix. The results indicated that the dilution ratio of water glass had a significant impact on grout performance; a volume ratio of 9:1 (water glass to water) not only met the comprehensive technical requirements for shield tunneling—such as density, consistency, setting time, and early strength—but also effectively reduced material costs and minimized the environmental burden associated with excessive use of water glass. While the type of reaction products remained relatively unaffected by water glass concentration, microstructural analysis showed a pronounced influence on the compactness of the hardened structure. This study offers theoretical and technical support for the development of high-performance, environmentally sustainable grouting systems suitable for shield tunneling applications.