内蒙古察哈尔右翼后旗农户生计恢复力评价

Evaluation of Livelihood Resilience of Farmers in Chahar Right Back Banner, Inner Mongolia

摘要: 在气候变化与经济社会转型背景下，生态脆弱区农户生计安全面临严峻挑战。本研究以内蒙古察哈尔右翼后旗为案例区，基于Speranza提出的生计恢复力三维框架(缓冲能力、自组织能力、学习能力)，结合熵值法赋权与综合指数法，构建包含15项指标的评价体系，通过290份有效问卷实证分析农户生计恢复力水平及分异特征。结果表明：(1) 区域农户整体生计恢复力指数为0.391，处于中低水平，其中缓冲能力(0.214)相对较强，而自组织能力(0.079)与学习能力(0.077)显著薄弱；(2) 不同类型农户恢复力差异显著：个体经营型最高(0.495)，务工主导型(0.431)和兼业均衡型(0.392)次之，扶贫补助型最低(0.231)，极差达2.14倍(P < 0.001)；(3) 缓冲能力优势集中于个体经营型(资产积累强)与务工主导型(人力资本高)，扶贫补助型在三大能力维度均表现弱势；自组织能力受社区连接度与基础设施制约，学习能力则因信息获取与技能培训不足受限。建议通过强化弱势群体资产支持、完善农村基础设施与技能培训体系，提升农户适应能力，为生态脆弱区乡村振兴提供路径参考。

Abstract: Under climate change and socioeconomic transformation, farmers’ livelihoods in ecologically fragile areas face major challenges. Using Chahar Right Back Banner in Inner Mongolia as a case study, this study develops a 15-indicator evaluation system based on Speranza’s three-dimensional livelihood resilience framework (buffer capacity, self-organization capacity, and learning capacity). Applying the entropy weight method and comprehensive index method, we analyzed 290 valid household questionnaires. Results show the overall livelihood resilience index is 0.391 (medium-low level). Buffer capacity is relatively higher (0.214), while self-organization (0.079) and learning capacity (0.077) are notably weaker. Significant differences exist among farmer types: individual business-oriented farmers have the highest resilience (0.495), followed by migrant labor-oriented (0.431) and balanced multi-occupation (0.392), with subsidy-dependent farmers lowest (0.231). Buffer capacity advantages mainly stem from asset accumulation and human capital, while low self-organization and learning capacities are constrained by limited community connectivity and insufficient training. It is suggested to strengthen asset support for vulnerable groups, improve infrastructure, and expand skills training to enhance farmers’ adaptive capacity and support rural revitalization in fragile areas.