江汉平原乡村聚落时空演变与影响因素研究

Study on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Rural Settlements and Influencing Factors in the Jianghan Plain

摘要: 江汉平原位于湖北省中南部，总体地势呈现出西北高、东南低的趋势，是华中地区最具有代表性的“平原–湖沼”地貌地区。随着社会的不断发展以及国家乡村振兴政策的实施，江汉平原乡村聚落发生了显著的变化。以江汉平原乡村聚落为研究对象，基于1990~2020年的高程、土地利用类型等数据，以十年为一个周期，借助ArcGIS、Fragstats4.2软件，对江汉平原乡村聚落的时空演变特征及影响因素展开研究；从自然因素与人文因素方面分析其驱动力和时空演变机制。结果表明：(1) 1990~2020年江汉平原乡村聚落数量不断增加，面积不断增长，规模不断扩大，分布愈发密集，且自2000年起形状趋向不规整。(2) 江汉平原乡村聚落呈现出聚集分布模式，且聚集态势十分明显。(3) 区域内乡村聚落呈现全域分布，区域集中的特点，总体来看，以天门市、应城市等地乡村聚落分布变得越来越密集，形成了几个核心区域。(4) 乡村聚落主要分布在地形平坦、靠近河流、交通便利、经济发达的地区，并且随着社会的不断发展，这种趋势越发明显。

Abstract: The Jianghan Plain is located in the south-central part of Hubei Province, with the overall topography showing a trend of high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and is the most representative “plain-lake-marsh” geomorphological region in central China. With the continuous development of society and the implementation of the national rural revitalization policy, the rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain have undergone significant changes. To understand the evolutionary patterns of rural settlements in this unique region and provide a theoretical basis for its future development, taking the rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain as the research object, based on the data such as elevation and land use type from 1990 to 2020, and taking ten years as a cycle, with the help of ArcGIS and Fragstats4.2 software, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain are investigated, and the driving force and spatial-temporal evolution mechanism are analyzed in terms of the natural factors and the humanistic factors. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the number of rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain has been increasing, the area has been growing, the scale has been expanding, the distribution has become more and more dense, and the shape has tended to be irregular since 2000. (2) The rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain show an aggregated distribution pattern, and the aggregation trend is very obvious. (3) The rural settlements in the region are characterized by the distribution of the whole area and the concentration of the area. In general, the distribution of the rural settlements in places like Tianmen City and Yingcheng City has become more and more dense, and several core areas have been formed. (4) Rural settlements are mainly distributed in areas with flat topography, close to rivers, convenient transportation and developed economy, and this trend becomes more and more obvious with the continuous development of society.