基于科学史与应用导向双驱动的光电效应教学改革探索

Exploration of the Teaching Reform of Photoelectric Effect Based on the Dual Drive of History of Science and Application Orientation

摘要: 光电效应是大学物理教学中连接经典力学与量子力学的重要节点，其在物理学史上具有划时代意义，在当代科技中也广泛应用于能源、通信、天文等领域。然而，在现有教学中，光电效应往往以实验结论和公式推导为核心，忽视其科学发展过程与现实价值，导致学生理解片面、兴趣不足。本文从教学目标出发，提出以“科学史线索 + 现实科技案例”双重驱动的教学策略，通过历史演绎、现象重构与现实技术引入，提升学生的科学思维能力与物理认知深度。改革实践表明，该策略能有效增强教学吸引力、促进跨章节知识融合，提升学生物理素养和创新意识。

Abstract: The photoelectric effect is an important node connecting classical mechanics and quantum mechanics in university physics teaching. It has epoch-making significance in the history of physics and is also widely used in energy, communication, astronomy and other fields in contemporary science and technology. However, in the existing teaching, the photoelectric effect is often centered on experimental conclusions and formula derivation, ignoring its scientific development process and practical value, resulting in students’ one-sided understanding and lack of interest. Starting from the teaching objectives, this paper proposes a teaching strategy driven by “historical clues + real science and technology cases”, which improves students’ scientific thinking ability and physical cognition depth through historical deduction, phenomenon reconstruction and real technology introduction. Reform practice shows that this strategy can effectively enhance the attractiveness of teaching, promote cross-chapter knowledge integration, and improve students' physical literacy and innovation awareness.